Changes for page Immigration

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	1	+Here's the fully rewritten subsection on immigration, incorporating the verified findings from the *Borderless Welfare State* report. This version is styled as a standalone wiki section, and includes the corrected `chart` macros in your working format.
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	3	+---
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	5	+\= Immigration and the Fiscal Burden on the Dutch Welfare State =
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4		-== Immigration and Fiscal Burden on the Welfare State ==
	7	+The 2023 report *Borderless Welfare State* presents a comprehensive analysis of immigration's impact on Dutch public finances. Between 1995 and 2019, immigration—including the second generation—incurred a net fiscal cost of approximately €400 billion. Projections indicate that, if current patterns continue, this figure could exceed €1 trillion by 2040.
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6		-According to the 2023 study *Borderless Welfare State*, immigration has exerted a substantial long-term cost on Dutch public finances. Between 1995 and 2019, the net fiscal cost of immigration (including second-generation descendants) was estimated at €400 billion—comparable to all natural gas revenues earned by the Netherlands since the 1960s. If current trends continue, costs could reach €1 trillion by 2040.
	9	+This cost arises from increased per capita spending on education, healthcare, social security, and justice services for immigrants, combined with lower average tax contributions. In 2016 alone, the net fiscal cost of immigration peaked at €32 billion.
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8		-### Net Contribution by Immigration Motive
	11	+\== Fiscal Impact by Immigration Motive ==
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10		-Only labour migrants are shown to provide a net positive contribution to the state treasury. Other categories—study, family, and asylum—result in significant lifetime costs per person, with asylum migration representing the highest burden.
	13	+Only labour migration contributes positively to public finances. All other immigration categories—study, family, and especially asylum—result in significant long-term fiscal burdens per person.
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12		-{{chart type="bar" source="inline" params="range\:A1\:B5;series\:columns;" width="700" height="350"}}
13		-|=Immigration Motive|=Net Contribution (€)|
14		-|Labour|125000|
15		-|Study|-75000|
16		-|Family|-275000|
17		-|Asylum|-475000|
	15	+```xwiki
	16	+{{chart type="bar" source="inline" params="range:B2:E3;series:columns;" width="800" height="350"}}
	17	+|=Motive|=Labour|=Study|=Family|=Asylum|
	18	+|Net Contribution (€)|125000|-75000|-275000|-475000|
18	18	{{/chart}}
	20	+```
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20		-### Net Contribution by Region of Origin
	22	+\== Fiscal Impact by Region of Origin ==
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22		-Western migrants contribute marginally positively, while non-Western migrants impose significant costs. The fiscal burden is particularly high for migrants from Morocco and the Horn of Africa.
	24	+Migrants from Western countries have a marginally positive average net contribution. By contrast, migrants from non-Western regions impose large costs on the treasury, particularly those from Morocco and the Horn of Africa. Labour migrants from Japan, North America, and Oceania are the most fiscally beneficial group.
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24		-{{chart type="bar" source="inline" params="range\:A1\:B6;series\:columns;" width="700" height="350"}}
25		-|=Region of Origin|=Net Contribution (€)|
26		-|Western (avg.)|25000|
27		-|Non-Western (avg.)|-275000|
28		-|Japan/NA/Oceania|200000|
29		-|Morocco|-550000|
30		-|Horn of Africa/Sudan|-600000|
	26	+```xwiki
	27	+{{chart type="bar" source="inline" params="range:B2:F3;series:columns;" width="800" height="350"}}
	28	+|=Region|=Western (avg.)|=Non-Western (avg.)|=Japan/NA/Oceania|=Morocco|=Horn of Africa/Sudan|
	29	+|Net Contribution (€)|25000|-275000|200000|-550000|-600000|
31	31	{{/chart}}
	31	+```
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33		-The most positive contributions (+€625,000) come from labour migrants from Japan, North America, and Oceania. The most negative contributions (–€625,000) are associated with asylum migrants from African countries.
	33	+\== Demographic and Policy Considerations ==
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35		-These findings challenge the premise that immigration can sustainably support the Dutch welfare system, especially given the demographic trends and declining fertility even among migrant populations.
	35	+While immigration does increase the working-age population in the short term, the study finds it is not a sustainable solution to aging. Maintaining the current dependency ratio would require the Dutch population to grow to 100 million by the year 2100—a scenario the authors equate to a demographic Ponzi scheme.
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	37	+Even highly skilled labour migration from Western nations, when accompanied by chain migration (family reunification), is often not fiscally neutral. Asylum and family immigration are consistently the most costly, regardless of origin.
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	39	+\== Educational Performance and Second Generation Outcomes ==
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	41	+Second-generation immigrants, despite educational gains, still tend to have lower net fiscal contributions than native Dutch. The study highlights a strong correlation between educational test scores (Cito) and fiscal performance. Each one-point increase in Cito score correlates with an approximate €20,000 increase in expected net lifetime contribution.
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	43	+Children of Western labour and study migrants outperform their peers, while children of asylum and family migrants—particularly from Africa and the Islamic world—score significantly lower. Mixed-parent families (with one native Dutch parent) tend to show higher educational and fiscal outcomes.
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	45	+\== Conclusion ==
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	47	+The report concludes that the current scale and composition of immigration is fiscally unsustainable. Without significant changes—especially in restricting asylum and low-skill family migration—the Dutch welfare state faces mounting and irreversible budgetary pressure. The authors advocate for selective immigration policies based on educational attainment, origin, and potential economic contribution.
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37	37	---
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39		-Let me know if you want this integrated into a larger article or formatted specifically for XWiki or Obsidian.
	51	+Let me know if you’d like this section appended to an existing page or converted to Obsidian, and I can help format accordingly.
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