Wiki source code of Immigration
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| author | version | line-number | content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | = **BORDERLESS WELFARE STATE** = | ||
| 2 | |||
| 3 | == **The Consequences of Immigration for Public Finances** == | ||
| 4 | |||
| 5 | === //Key Findings and Analysis// === | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 | === **1. Fiscal Impact of Immigration** === | ||
| 8 | |||
| 9 | * **€400 billion**: Total net cost of immigration to the Netherlands from **1995-2019**, equivalent to the country's total natural gas revenues since the 1960s. | ||
| 10 | * **€27 billion annually**: Current estimated burden of immigration on Dutch public finances. | ||
| 11 | * Projected increase: From **€17 billion in 2016** to **€50 billion annually** if trends continue. | ||
| 12 | |||
| 13 | === **2. Contribution by Immigration Type** === | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | * **Labour Immigration**: **+€125,000** net contribution per person. | ||
| 16 | * **Study Immigration**: **-€75,000** net cost per person. | ||
| 17 | * **Family Immigration**: **-€275,000** net cost per person. | ||
| 18 | * **Asylum Immigration**: **-€475,000** net cost per person. | ||
| 19 | |||
| 20 | === **3. Contribution by Region of Origin** === | ||
| 21 | |||
| 22 | * **Western Immigrants**: **+€25,000** average contribution. | ||
| 23 | * **Non-Western Immigrants**: **-€275,000** per person on average. | ||
| 24 | * Highest fiscal costs: Immigrants from **Morocco and the Horn of Africa**, reaching up to **-€600,000** per person. | ||
| 25 | * Positive contributors: Immigrants from **Japan, North America, and Oceania**, averaging **+€200,000** per person. | ||
| 26 | |||
| 27 | === **4. Long-Term Population Impact** === | ||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | * Dutch population would need to grow to **100 million by 2100** to maintain the current welfare state dependency ratio. | ||
| 30 | * Immigration is **not a sustainable solution** to the aging population due to declining fertility rates among immigrant groups. | ||
| 31 | |||
| 32 | === **5. Second-Generation Performance** === | ||
| 33 | |||
| 34 | * Despite improvements, second-generation immigrants remain a **net fiscal burden** overall. | ||
| 35 | * **Cito test scores:** Each additional point increase correlates with an improvement of **€20,000** in lifetime fiscal contribution. | ||
| 36 | |||
| 37 | === **6. Policy Recommendations** === | ||
| 38 | |||
| 39 | * A **selective immigration policy** focusing on high-skilled workers could alleviate fiscal pressure. | ||
| 40 | * Without policy reform, the welfare system may become unsustainable. | ||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | ---- | ||
| 43 | |||
| 44 | === **Implications** === | ||
| 45 | |||
| 46 | * Immigration trends pose a significant challenge to public finances. | ||
| 47 | * Policymakers must consider balancing social inclusivity with economic sustainability. | ||
| 48 | * Targeted immigration strategies could ensure positive fiscal contributions. | ||
| 49 | |||
| 50 | ---- | ||
| 51 | |||
| 52 | === **References** === | ||
| 53 | |||
| 54 | * [[Full Report PDF>>/pdfs/borderless_welfare_state-2-1.pdf]] | ||
| 55 | |||
| 56 | ---- | ||
| 57 | |||
| 58 | === **Authors:** === | ||
| 59 | |||
| 60 | * Jan H. van de Beek | ||
| 61 | * Hans Roodenburg | ||
| 62 | * Joop Hartog | ||
| 63 | * Gerrit W. Kreffer | ||
| 64 | |||
| 65 | **Published by:** Demo-Demo Publisher, Zeist, Netherlands | ||
| 66 | |||
| 67 | **ISBN:** 9789083334820 |
