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Changes for page Immigration

Last modified by Ryan C on 2025/06/22 18:14

From version 2.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/06/21 10:34
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 3.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/06/21 10:34
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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1 -Markdown 1.2
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1 -# **BORDERLESS WELFARE STATE**
1 += **BORDERLESS WELFARE STATE** =
2 2  
3 -## **The Consequences of Immigration for Public Finances**
3 +== **The Consequences of Immigration for Public Finances** ==
4 4  
5 -### _Key Findings and Analysis_
5 +=== //Key Findings and Analysis// ===
6 6  
7 -### **1. Fiscal Impact of Immigration**
7 +=== **1. Fiscal Impact of Immigration** ===
8 8  
9 9  * **€400 billion**: Total net cost of immigration to the Netherlands from **1995-2019**, equivalent to the country's total natural gas revenues since the 1960s.
10 10  * **€27 billion annually**: Current estimated burden of immigration on Dutch public finances.
11 11  * Projected increase: From **€17 billion in 2016** to **€50 billion annually** if trends continue.
12 12  
13 -### **2. Contribution by Immigration Type**
13 +=== **2. Contribution by Immigration Type** ===
14 14  
15 15  * **Labour Immigration**: **+€125,000** net contribution per person.
16 16  * **Study Immigration**: **-€75,000** net cost per person.
... ... @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
17 17  * **Family Immigration**: **-€275,000** net cost per person.
18 18  * **Asylum Immigration**: **-€475,000** net cost per person.
19 19  
20 -### **3. Contribution by Region of Origin**
20 +=== **3. Contribution by Region of Origin** ===
21 21  
22 22  * **Western Immigrants**: **+€25,000** average contribution.
23 23  * **Non-Western Immigrants**: **-€275,000** per person on average.
... ... @@ -24,38 +24,38 @@
24 24  * Highest fiscal costs: Immigrants from **Morocco and the Horn of Africa**, reaching up to **-€600,000** per person.
25 25  * Positive contributors: Immigrants from **Japan, North America, and Oceania**, averaging **+€200,000** per person.
26 26  
27 -### **4. Long-Term Population Impact**
27 +=== **4. Long-Term Population Impact** ===
28 28  
29 29  * Dutch population would need to grow to **100 million by 2100** to maintain the current welfare state dependency ratio.
30 30  * Immigration is **not a sustainable solution** to the aging population due to declining fertility rates among immigrant groups.
31 31  
32 -### **5. Second-Generation Performance**
32 +=== **5. Second-Generation Performance** ===
33 33  
34 34  * Despite improvements, second-generation immigrants remain a **net fiscal burden** overall.
35 35  * **Cito test scores:** Each additional point increase correlates with an improvement of **€20,000** in lifetime fiscal contribution.
36 36  
37 -### **6. Policy Recommendations**
37 +=== **6. Policy Recommendations** ===
38 38  
39 39  * A **selective immigration policy** focusing on high-skilled workers could alleviate fiscal pressure.
40 40  * Without policy reform, the welfare system may become unsustainable.
41 41  
42 ----
42 +----
43 43  
44 -### **Implications**
44 +=== **Implications** ===
45 45  
46 46  * Immigration trends pose a significant challenge to public finances.
47 47  * Policymakers must consider balancing social inclusivity with economic sustainability.
48 48  * Targeted immigration strategies could ensure positive fiscal contributions.
49 49  
50 ----
50 +----
51 51  
52 -### **References**
52 +=== **References** ===
53 53  
54 -* [Full Report PDF](/pdfs/borderless_welfare_state-2-1.pdf)
54 +* [[Full Report PDF>>/pdfs/borderless_welfare_state-2-1.pdf]]
55 55  
56 ----
56 +----
57 57  
58 -### **Authors:**
58 +=== **Authors:** ===
59 59  
60 60  * Jan H. van de Beek
61 61  * Hans Roodenburg