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The example macro in XWiki is an underrated powerhouseβgreat for *teaching*, *showcasing macros*, *hiding complex markup*, and *letting users play with source-output pairs*. Here are some highly effective and interesting uses:
π§ͺ 1. Macro Showcase: Source-to-Output Toggle
Show how a macro works without cluttering the page with raw syntax.
Failed to execute the [velocity] macro. Cause: [The execution of the [velocity] script macro is not allowed in [xwiki:Guides and Help.Start here if you're new.WebHome]. Check the rights of its last author or the parameters if it's rendered from another script.]. Click on this message for details.
org.xwiki.rendering.macro.MacroExecutionException: The execution of the [velocity] script macro is not allowed in [xwiki:Guides and Help.Start here if you're new.WebHome]. Check the rights of its last author or the parameters if it's rendered from another script. at org.xwiki.rendering.macro.script.AbstractScriptMacro.execute(AbstractScriptMacro.java:178) at org.xwiki.rendering.macro.script.AbstractScriptMacro.execute(AbstractScriptMacro.java:58) at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.macro.MacroTransformation.transform(MacroTransformation.java:441) at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.DefaultRenderingContext.transformInContext(DefaultRenderingContext.java:183) at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.DefaultTransformationManager.performTransformations(DefaultTransformationManager.java:88) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.executeInCurrentExecutionContext(DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.java:397) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.execute(DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.java:269) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncRenderer.execute(DocumentContentAsyncRenderer.java:112) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.render(AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.java:157) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.render(AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:290) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.execute(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:125) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentDisplayer.display(DocumentContentDisplayer.java:67) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentDisplayer.display(DocumentContentDisplayer.java:43) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DefaultDocumentDisplayer.display(DefaultDocumentDisplayer.java:96) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DefaultDocumentDisplayer.display(DefaultDocumentDisplayer.java:39) at org.xwiki.sheet.internal.SheetDocumentDisplayer.display(SheetDocumentDisplayer.java:123) at org.xwiki.sheet.internal.SheetDocumentDisplayer.display(SheetDocumentDisplayer.java:52) at org.xwiki.display.internal.ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.display(ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.java:68) at org.xwiki.display.internal.ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.display(ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.java:42) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.display(XWikiDocument.java:1429) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.getRenderedContent(XWikiDocument.java:1565) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.displayDocument(XWikiDocument.java:1515) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.displayDocument(XWikiDocument.java:1484) at com.xpn.xwiki.api.Document.displayDocument(Document.java:822) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor725.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.value(ASTReference.java:704) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTExpression.value(ASTExpression.java:75) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTSetDirective.render(ASTSetDirective.java:242) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:190) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.directive.TryCatchDirective.render(TryCatchDirective.java:86) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:856) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:811) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:803) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:79) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:73) at org.xwiki.template.script.TemplateScriptService.render(TemplateScriptService.java:54) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor985.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:492) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:217) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:331) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:261) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:856) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:811) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:803) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:79) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:73) at org.xwiki.template.script.TemplateScriptService.render(TemplateScriptService.java:54) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor985.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:492) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:217) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:331) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:261) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:171) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:190) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:849) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:835) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.render(DefaultTemplateManager.java:91) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.render(DefaultTemplateManager.java:85) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:2570) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.Utils.parseTemplate(Utils.java:180) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:650) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:338) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.LegacyActionServlet.service(LegacyActionServlet.java:111) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:195) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ActionFilter.doFilter(ActionFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.wysiwyg.filter.ConversionFilter.doFilter(ConversionFilter.java:72) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetHTTPHeaderFilter.doFilter(SetHTTPHeaderFilter.java:66) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.resource.servlet.RoutingFilter.doFilter(RoutingFilter.java:135) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SavedRequestRestorerFilter.doFilter(SavedRequestRestorerFilter.java:211) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SafeRedirectFilter.doFilter(SafeRedirectFilter.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.ResolveRelativeRedirectFilter.doFilter(ResolveRelativeRedirectFilter.java:129) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:120) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:483) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:663) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteIpValve.invoke(RemoteIpValve.java:731) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:344) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:397) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:905) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1743) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1190) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:840)
Failed to execute the [groovy] macro. Cause: [The execution of the [groovy] script macro is not allowed in [xwiki:Guides and Help.Start here if you're new.WebHome]. Check the rights of its last author or the parameters if it's rendered from another script.]. Click on this message for details.
org.xwiki.rendering.macro.MacroExecutionException: The execution of the [groovy] script macro is not allowed in [xwiki:Guides and Help.Start here if you're new.WebHome]. Check the rights of its last author or the parameters if it's rendered from another script. at org.xwiki.rendering.macro.script.AbstractScriptMacro.execute(AbstractScriptMacro.java:178) at org.xwiki.rendering.macro.script.AbstractScriptMacro.execute(AbstractScriptMacro.java:58) at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.macro.MacroTransformation.transform(MacroTransformation.java:441) at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.DefaultRenderingContext.transformInContext(DefaultRenderingContext.java:183) at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.DefaultTransformationManager.performTransformations(DefaultTransformationManager.java:88) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.executeInCurrentExecutionContext(DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.java:397) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.execute(DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.java:269) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncRenderer.execute(DocumentContentAsyncRenderer.java:112) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.render(AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.java:157) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.render(AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:290) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.execute(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:125) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentDisplayer.display(DocumentContentDisplayer.java:67) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentDisplayer.display(DocumentContentDisplayer.java:43) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DefaultDocumentDisplayer.display(DefaultDocumentDisplayer.java:96) at org.xwiki.display.internal.DefaultDocumentDisplayer.display(DefaultDocumentDisplayer.java:39) at org.xwiki.sheet.internal.SheetDocumentDisplayer.display(SheetDocumentDisplayer.java:123) at org.xwiki.sheet.internal.SheetDocumentDisplayer.display(SheetDocumentDisplayer.java:52) at org.xwiki.display.internal.ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.display(ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.java:68) at org.xwiki.display.internal.ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.display(ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.java:42) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.display(XWikiDocument.java:1429) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.getRenderedContent(XWikiDocument.java:1565) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.displayDocument(XWikiDocument.java:1515) at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.displayDocument(XWikiDocument.java:1484) at com.xpn.xwiki.api.Document.displayDocument(Document.java:822) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor725.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.value(ASTReference.java:704) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTExpression.value(ASTExpression.java:75) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTSetDirective.render(ASTSetDirective.java:242) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:190) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.directive.TryCatchDirective.render(TryCatchDirective.java:86) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:856) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:811) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:803) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:79) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:73) at org.xwiki.template.script.TemplateScriptService.render(TemplateScriptService.java:54) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor985.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:492) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:217) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:331) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:261) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:856) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:811) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderNoException(InternalTemplateManager.java:803) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:79) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.renderNoException(DefaultTemplateManager.java:73) at org.xwiki.template.script.TemplateScriptService.render(TemplateScriptService.java:54) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor985.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:569) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:492) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:217) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:331) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:261) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:171) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:190) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358) at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267) at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:849) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:835) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.render(DefaultTemplateManager.java:91) at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.render(DefaultTemplateManager.java:85) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:2570) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.Utils.parseTemplate(Utils.java:180) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:650) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:338) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.LegacyActionServlet.service(LegacyActionServlet.java:111) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:195) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ActionFilter.doFilter(ActionFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.wysiwyg.filter.ConversionFilter.doFilter(ConversionFilter.java:72) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetHTTPHeaderFilter.doFilter(SetHTTPHeaderFilter.java:66) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.resource.servlet.RoutingFilter.doFilter(RoutingFilter.java:135) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SavedRequestRestorerFilter.doFilter(SavedRequestRestorerFilter.java:211) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SafeRedirectFilter.doFilter(SafeRedirectFilter.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.ResolveRelativeRedirectFilter.doFilter(ResolveRelativeRedirectFilter.java:129) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:120) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:483) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:663) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteIpValve.invoke(RemoteIpValve.java:731) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:344) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:397) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:905) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1743) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1190) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:840)
{{groovy}} def now = new Date() println("Current time: " + now) {{/groovy}}
{{html}} <audio controls> <source src="/bin/download/Sandbox/TestPage2/Anti-Black%20racial%20slur%20was%20found%20written%20on%20high%20school%20desk%20in%20Rockville.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio element. </audio> {{/html}}
This page covers all the essential steps and tips you need to create great content in XWiki without any confusion.
π Attachments and Images
You can easily upload files and images directly from the WYSIWYG editor:
Uploading Attachments:
Click Edit to enter the WYSIWYG editor.
Click on the Attachment icon (π paperclip icon).
Drag-and-drop or select your file to upload it instantly.
Uploaded files will automatically be listed as attachments at the bottom of your page.
Inserting Images with Enlargable Thumbnails
In the editor, click the "Insert Image" icon from the toolbar.
Upload or select the image.
Choose the Thumbnail option to create a clickable enlargable preview automatically.
β‘ Using the / Macro Shortcut
The / macro shortcut is a powerful and quick way to insert macros while editing pages in XWiki's WYSIWYG editor:
Simply type / and start typing the macro name or feature you want to add.
You'll see suggestions appear as you type. Select the macro to insert it directly without manual syntax.
Example macros include:
/toc β Table of Contents
/box β Insert Box Macro
/gallery β Image Gallery
/footnote β Add footnotes to your text
/code β Code blocks for programming snippets
This shortcut dramatically speeds up editing, no need to memorize complicated wiki syntax.
βοΈ Basic Formatting and Links (Quick Guide)
Bold text: Select text, click the Bold button or press Ctrl + B.
Italic text: Select text, click "Italic" in the toolbar or use Ctrl+I.
Creating Links:
Highlight text and click "Link" or use shortcut Ctrl+K.
Edit attachments: Hover attachments directly below your page in view mode to manage or delete them.
Use minimal formatting to ensure readability.
β‘Guests can contribute
Guests can edit pages in the main content area without signing up. If this becomes problematic I'll change it but for now I'd like everyone to have access with as little trouble as possible.
Use Your Sandbox on the left, mess around with macros and other editing options. There's a lot of options to customize content.
Leave comments, give suggestions, request features.
Content Guidelines
Ensure your content is well-researched, you don't need to include references in the format of footnotes for your material, but you should try to include studies or links to give credibility to your claims. For instance, just claiming that IQ is genetic is genetic wouldn't be valid unless you provide a study backing up that assertion, or more likely link to a page within this site that explains why IQ is not something that is purely determined by environmental factors. If such a page doesn't exist, create it, and start providing studies that show this.
Use clear, concise language and avoid using slurs, slang, or troll like language. This isn't supposed to be encyclopedia dramatica, I'd like things to remain relatively mature and well thought out.
Directories and Page URLs
The categories I have made up should cover most content, but if you feel your content doesn't fit under them, feel free to make a new category. Moving pages and reorganizing content in this wiki is very easy.
XWiki Editing Modes
XWiki offers multiple editing modes to accommodate various user preferences and technical requirements:ξ
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) Editor: Ideal for users unfamiliar with wiki syntax, this editor provides a user-friendly interface resembling traditional word processors. It allows for straightforward text formatting, image insertion, and link creation without delving into markup language. ξciteξturn0search0ξξ
Wiki Editor: This mode enables direct editing using XWikiβs markup syntax. Itβs suitable for users comfortable with wiki syntax and those requiring precise control over the content structure.ξ
Inline Form Editing: Used primarily for pages containing structured data or custom applications, this mode presents editable fields directly within the page view, streamlining data entry and updates.ξ
Essential Formatting Options
To ensure content is both engaging and accessible, utilize the following formatting techniques:ξ
Headings: Organize content hierarchically using headings. In XWiki syntax, headings are defined by one to six plus signs , corresponding to heading levels 1 to 6.ξ
This is a statement2. The [putFootnotes] macro is a standalone macro and it cannot be used inline. Click on this message for details. This macro generates standalone content. As a consequence you need to make sure to use a syntax that separates your macro from the content before and after it so that it's on a line by itself. For example in XWiki Syntax 2.0+ this means having 2 newline characters (a.k.a line breaks) separating your macro from the content before and after it.
This is a statement{{footnote}}Source: Example Reference{{/footnote}}. {{putFootnotes/}}
Code Macro: Renders code snippets with syntax highlighting.
Source: *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)* Date of Publication: *2013* Author(s): *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.* Title: *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"* DOI: [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54) Subject Matter: *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology*
General Observations: - The study documents how the heritability of IQ increases with age, reaching an asymptote at 0.80 by adulthood. - Analysis is based on longitudinal twin and adoption studies.
2. Subgroup Analysis: - Shared environmental influence on IQ declines with age, reaching 0.10 in adulthood. - Monozygotic twins show increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time, while dizygotic twins become less concordant.
3. Other Significant Data Points: - Data from the Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples support findings. - IQ stability over time is influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors.
Primary Observations: - Intelligence heritability strengthens throughout development, contrary to early environmental models. - Shared environmental effects decrease by late adolescence, emphasizing genetic influence in adulthood.
2. Subgroup Trends: - Studies from Scotland, Netherlands, and the US show consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age. - Findings hold across varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds.
3. Specific Case Analysis: - Longitudinal adoption studies show declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ as children age. - Cross-sectional twin data confirm higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood.
Strengths of the Study: - Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades. - Clear, replicable trend demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence.
2. Limitations of the Study: - Findings apply primarily to Western industrialized nations, limiting generalizability. - Lack of neurobiological mechanisms explaining how genes express their influence over time.
3. Suggestions for Improvement: - Future research should investigate gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging. - Examine heritability trends in non-Western populations to determine cross-cultural consistency.
- Provides strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence. - Highlights the diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development. - Supports research on cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan.
Investigate neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development. 2. Examine how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences. 3. Study heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline.
{{expandable summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}} **Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)* **Date of Publication:** *2013* **Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.* **Title:** *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"* **DOI:** [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54) **Subject Matter:** *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology*
{{expandable summary="π Key Statistics"}} 1. **General Observations:** - The study documents how the **heritability of IQ increases with age**, reaching an asymptote at **0.80 by adulthood**. - Analysis is based on **longitudinal twin and adoption studies**.
2. **Subgroup Analysis:** - Shared environmental influence on IQ **declines with age**, reaching **0.10 in adulthood**. - Monozygotic twins show **increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time**, while dizygotic twins become **less concordant**.
3. **Other Significant Data Points:** - Data from the **Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples** support findings. - IQ stability over time is **influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors**. {{/expandable}}
{{expandable summary="π¬ Findings"}} 1. **Primary Observations:** - Intelligence heritability **strengthens throughout development**, contrary to early environmental models. - Shared environmental effects **decrease by late adolescence**, emphasizing **genetic influence in adulthood**.
2. **Subgroup Trends:** - Studies from **Scotland, Netherlands, and the US** show **consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age**. - Findings hold across **varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds**.
3. **Specific Case Analysis:** - Longitudinal adoption studies show **declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ** as children age. - Cross-sectional twin data confirm **higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood**. {{/expandable}}
{{expandable summary="π Critique & Observations"}} 1. **Strengths of the Study:** - **Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades**. - **Clear, replicable trend** demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence.
2. **Limitations of the Study:** - Findings apply primarily to **Western industrialized nations**, limiting generalizability. - **Lack of neurobiological mechanisms** explaining how genes express their influence over time.
3. **Suggestions for Improvement:** - Future research should investigate **gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging**. - Examine **heritability trends in non-Western populations** to determine cross-cultural consistency. {{/expandable}}
{{expandable summary="π Relevance to Subproject"}} - Provides **strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence**. - Highlights the **diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development**. - Supports research on **cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan**. {{/expandable}}
{{expandable summary="π Suggestions for Further Exploration"}} 1. Investigate **neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development**. 2. Examine **how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences**. 3. Study **heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline**. {{/expandable}}
{{expandable summary="π Download Full Study"}} [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]] {{/expandable}} {{/expandable}}