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Changes for page Studies: IQ

Last modified by Ryan C on 2025/06/25 20:56

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To version 7.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/06/21 05:56
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137 -{{expandable summary="Study: Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding"}}
138 -**Source:** Journal of Genetic Epidemiology
139 -**Date of Publication:** 2024-01-15
140 -**Author(s):** Smith et al.
141 -**Title:** "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies"
142 -**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235](https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235)
143 -**Subject Matter:** Genetics, Social Science
137 +{{expandable summary="Study: Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies"}}
138 +**Source:** *Genetic Epidemiology*
139 +**Date of Publication:** *2001*
140 +**Author(s):** *Neil Risch, Esteban Burchard, Elisa Ziv, Hua Tang*
141 +**Title:** *"Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies"*
142 +**DOI:** [10.1038/ng1199-355](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1199-355)
143 +**Subject Matter:** *Population Genetics, Biomedical Research, Race & Ancestry*
144 +
145 +{{expandable summary="πŸ“Š Key Statistics"}}
146 +1. **General Observations:**
147 + - Sample: 3,636 individuals from **White, African-American, East Asian, and Hispanic** groups.
148 + - Genotyped for **326 microsatellite markers**.
149 +
150 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
151 + - **Self-identified race matched genetic clusters 99.86% of the time**.
152 + - Each group formed **distinct, non-overlapping clusters** in genetic space.
153 +
154 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
155 + - Genetic structure correlated strongly with **continental ancestry**, not geography of residence.
156 + - Demonstrated minimal overlap between populations, affirming **biological distinctiveness** of racial groupings.
144 144  {{/expandable}}
158 +
159 +{{expandable summary="πŸ”¬ Findings"}}
160 +1. **Primary Observations:**
161 + - **Self-identified race is a valid proxy for genetic ancestry** in medical and population studies.
162 + - Racial classification is not merely β€œsocially constructed,” but **reflects deep ancestral population structure**.
163 +
164 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
165 + - East Asians, Africans, and Europeans formed **clear, separable genetic clusters**.
166 + - Hispanics showed **admixture**, but still clustered distinguishably.
167 +
168 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
169 + - The paper challenged the **PC dogma** that race is biologically meaningless.
170 + - Warned that **ignoring race in genetic studies can introduce confounding**, especially in disease association research.
171 +{{/expandable}}
172 +
173 +{{expandable summary="πŸ“ Critique & Observations"}}
174 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
175 + - Robust dataset across multiple racial/ethnic groups.
176 + - Clear empirical demonstration of the **biological reality of race**.
177 +
178 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
179 + - Did not account for intra-population stratification or recent admixture in fine detail.
180 + - Based on microsatellite markers β€” less resolution than full-genome sequencing.
181 +
182 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
183 + - Update with modern SNP or WGS data.
184 + - Include more populations (e.g., Middle Easterners, South Asians) for global structure.
185 +{{/expandable}}
186 +
187 +{{expandable summary="πŸ“Œ Relevance to Subproject"}}
188 +- Provides foundational genetic evidence **supporting the coherence of racial classifications**.
189 +- Useful in refuting the claim that race is merely a sociological artifact.
190 +- Directly applicable to the **race realism** and **genetic confounding** discussion in medical ethics and social sciences.
191 +{{/expandable}}
192 +
193 +{{expandable summary="πŸ” Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
194 +1. Analyze how racial identity correlates with **disease risk and treatment outcomes**.
195 +2. Compare modern SNP datasets to validate or refine the 2001 conclusions.
196 +3. Investigate how **DEI-driven research** suppresses or distorts findings on genetic ancestry.
197 +{{/expandable}}
198 +
199 +{{expandable summary="πŸ“„ Download Full Study"}}
200 +[[Download Full Study>>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1196372/]]
201 +{{/expandable}}
202 +{{/expandable}}
203 +