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Changes for page Studies: IQ

Last modified by Ryan C on 2025/06/25 20:56
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edited by Ryan C
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To version 2.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/06/21 05:17
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1 += IQ =
2 +
3 +{{expandable summary="Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media"}}
4 +**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
5 +**Date of Publication:** *2019*
6 +**Author(s):** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle*
7 +**Title:** *"Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media"*
8 +**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406)
9 +**Subject Matter:** *Psychology, Intelligence Research, Expert Analysis*
10 +
11 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
12 +1. **General Observations:**
13 + - Survey of **102 experts** on intelligence research and public discourse.
14 + - Evaluated experts' backgrounds, political affiliations, and views on controversial topics in intelligence research.
15 +
16 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
17 + - **90% of experts were from Western countries**, and **83% were male**.
18 + - Political spectrum ranged from **54% left-liberal, 24% conservative**, with significant ideological influences on views.
19 +
20 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
21 + - Experts rated media coverage of intelligence research as **poor (avg. 3.1 on a 9-point scale)**.
22 + - **50% of experts attributed US Black-White IQ differences to genetic factors, 50% to environmental factors**.
23 +{{/expandable}}
24 +
25 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
26 +1. **Primary Observations:**
27 + - Experts overwhelmingly support **the g-factor theory of intelligence**.
28 + - **Heritability of intelligence** was widely accepted, though views differed on race and group differences.
29 +
30 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
31 + - **Left-leaning experts were more likely to reject genetic explanations for group IQ differences**.
32 + - **Right-leaning experts tended to favor a stronger role for genetic factors** in intelligence disparities.
33 +
34 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
35 + - The study compared **media coverage of intelligence research** with expert opinions.
36 + - Found a **disconnect between journalists and intelligence researchers**, especially regarding politically sensitive issues.
37 +{{/expandable}}
38 +
39 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
40 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
41 + - **Largest expert survey on intelligence research** to date.
42 + - Provides insight into **how political orientation influences scientific perspectives**.
43 +
44 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
45 + - **Sample primarily from Western countries**, limiting global perspectives.
46 + - Self-selection bias may skew responses toward **those more willing to engage with controversial topics**.
47 +
48 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
49 + - Future studies should include **a broader range of global experts**.
50 + - Additional research needed on **media biases and misrepresentation of intelligence research**.
51 +{{/expandable}}
52 +
53 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
54 +- Provides insight into **expert consensus and division on intelligence research**.
55 +- Highlights the **role of media bias** in shaping public perception of intelligence science.
56 +- Useful for understanding **the intersection of science, politics, and public discourse** on intelligence research.
57 +{{/expandable}}
58 +
59 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
60 +1. Examine **cross-national differences** in expert opinions on intelligence.
61 +2. Investigate how **media bias impacts public understanding of intelligence research**.
62 +3. Conduct follow-up studies with **a more diverse expert pool** to test findings.
63 +{{/expandable}}
64 +
65 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
66 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]]
67 +{{/expandable}}
68 +{{/expandable}}
69 +
70 +{{expandable summary="Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation"}}
71 +**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
72 +**Date of Publication:** *2015*
73 +**Author(s):** *Davide Piffer*
74 +**Title:** *"A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation"*
75 +**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2015.08.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2015.08.008)
76 +**Subject Matter:** *Genetics, Intelligence, GWAS, Population Differences*
77 +
78 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
79 +1. **General Observations:**
80 + - Study analyzed **genome-wide association studies (GWAS) hits** linked to intelligence.
81 + - Found a **strong correlation (r = .91) between polygenic intelligence scores and national IQ levels**.
82 +
83 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
84 + - Factor analysis of **9 intelligence-associated alleles** revealed a metagene correlated with **country IQ (r = .86)**.
85 + - **Allele frequencies varied significantly by continent**, aligning with observed population differences in cognitive ability.
86 +
87 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
88 + - GWAS intelligence SNPs predicted **IQ levels more strongly than random genetic markers**.
89 + - Genetic differentiation (Fst values) showed that **selection pressure, rather than drift, influenced intelligence-related allele distributions**.
90 +{{/expandable}}
91 +
92 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
93 +1. **Primary Observations:**
94 + - Intelligence-associated SNP frequencies correlate **highly with national IQ levels**.
95 + - Genetic selection for intelligence appears **stronger than selection for height-related genes**.
96 +
97 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
98 + - **East Asian populations** exhibited the **highest frequencies of intelligence-associated alleles**.
99 + - **African populations** showed lower frequencies compared to European and East Asian populations.
100 +
101 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
102 + - Polygenic scores using **intelligence-related alleles significantly outperformed random SNPs** in predicting IQ.
103 + - Selection pressures **may explain differences in global intelligence distribution** beyond genetic drift effects.
104 +{{/expandable}}
105 +
106 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
107 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
108 + - **Comprehensive genetic analysis** of intelligence-linked SNPs.
109 + - Uses **multiple statistical methods (factor analysis, Fst analysis) to confirm results**.
110 +
111 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
112 + - **Correlation does not imply causation**; factors beyond genetics influence intelligence.
113 + - **Limited number of GWAS-identified intelligence alleles**—future studies may identify more.
114 +
115 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
116 + - Larger **cross-population GWAS studies** needed to validate findings.
117 + - Investigate **non-genetic contributors to IQ variance** in addition to genetic factors.
118 +{{/expandable}}
119 +
120 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
121 +- Supports research on **genetic influences on intelligence at a population level**.
122 +- Aligns with broader discussions on **cognitive genetics and natural selection effects**.
123 +- Provides a **quantitative framework for analyzing polygenic selection in intelligence studies**.
124 +{{/expandable}}
125 +
126 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
127 +1. Conduct **expanded GWAS studies** including diverse populations.
128 +2. Investigate **gene-environment interactions influencing intelligence**.
129 +3. Explore **historical selection pressures shaping intelligence-related alleles**.
130 +{{/expandable}}
131 +
132 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
133 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2015.08.008.pdf]]
134 +{{/expandable}}
135 +{{/expandable}}
136 +
137 +{{expandable summary="Study: Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding"}}
138 +**Source:** Journal of Genetic Epidemiology
139 +**Date of Publication:** 2024-01-15
140 +**Author(s):** Smith et al.
141 +**Title:** "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies"
142 +**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235](https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235)
143 +**Subject Matter:** Genetics, Social Science
144 +{{/expandable}}