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Changes for page Research at a Glance

Last modified by Ryan C on 2025/06/26 03:09

From version 91.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/04/15 23:13
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To version 88.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/03/30 12:03
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "Cultural Voyeurism A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Intera.pdf", version 1.1

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5 - Welcome to the **Research at a Glance** repository. This section serves as a **centralized reference hub** for key academic studies related to various important Racial themes. Each study is categorized for easy navigation and presented in a **collapsible format** to maintain a clean layout. I wanted to make this for a couple of reasons. Number one is organization. There are a ton of useful studies out there that expose the truth, sometimes inadvertently. You'll notice that in this initial draft the summaries are often woke and reflect the bias of the AI writing them as well as the researchers politically correct conclusion in most cases. That's because I haven't gotten to going through and pointing out the reasons I put all of them in here.
5 + Welcome to the **Research at a Glance** repository. This section serves as a **centralized reference hub** for key academic studies related to various important Racial themes. Each study is categorized for easy navigation and presented in a **collapsible format** to maintain a clean layout. I wanted to make this for a couple of reasons. Number one is organization. There are a ton of useful studies out there that expose the truth, sometimes inadvertently. You'll notice that in this initial draft the summaries are often woke and reflect the bias of the AI writing them as well as the researchers politically correct conclusions in most cases. That's because I haven't gotten to going through and pointing out the reasons I put all of them in here.
6 6  
7 7  
8 8   There is often an underlying hypocrisy or double standard, saying the quiet part out loud, or conclusions that are so much of an antithesis to what the data shows that made me want to include it. At least, thats the idea for once its polished. I have about 150 more studies to upload, so it will be a few weeks before I get through it all. Until such time, feel free to search for them yourself and edit in what you find, or add your own studies. If you like you can do it manually, or if you'd rather go the route I did, just rename the study to its doi number and feed the study into an AI and tell them to summarize the study using the following format:
... ... @@ -112,10 +112,7 @@
112 112  
113 113  == Study: Reconstructing Indian Population History ==
114 114  
115 -
116 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Reconstructing Indian Population History"}}
117 -
118 -
115 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Reconstructing Indian Population History"}}
119 119  **Source:** *Nature*
120 120  **Date of Publication:** *2009*
121 121  **Author(s):** *David Reich, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Nick Patterson, Alkes L. Price, Lalji Singh*
... ... @@ -197,17 +197,12 @@
197 197  
198 198  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
199 199  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_nature08365.pdf]]##
200 -
201 -
202 -{{/expandable}}
197 +{{/expand}}
203 203  
204 204  
205 205  == Study: The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations ==
206 206  
207 -
208 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations"}}
209 -
210 -
202 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations"}}
211 211  **Source:** *Nature*
212 212  **Date of Publication:** *2016*
213 213  **Author(s):** *David Reich, Swapan Mallick, Heng Li, Mark Lipson, and others*
... ... @@ -289,14 +289,12 @@
289 289  
290 290  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
291 291  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_nature18964.pdf]]##
292 -
293 -
294 -{{/expandable}}
284 +{{/expand}}
295 295  
296 296  
297 297  == Study: Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies ==
298 298  
299 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies"}}
289 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies"}}
300 300  **Source:** *Nature Genetics*
301 301  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
302 302  **Author(s):** *Tinca J. C. Polderman, Beben Benyamin, Christiaan A. de Leeuw, Patrick F. Sullivan, Arjen van Bochoven, Peter M. Visscher, Danielle Posthuma*
... ... @@ -378,12 +378,12 @@
378 378  
379 379  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
380 380  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_ng.328.pdf]]##
381 -{{/expandable}}
371 +{{/expand}}
382 382  
383 383  
384 384  == Study: Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease ==
385 385  
386 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease"}}
376 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease"}}
387 387  **Source:** *Nature Reviews Genetics*
388 388  **Date of Publication:** *2002*
389 389  **Author(s):** *Sarah A. Tishkoff, Scott M. Williams*
... ... @@ -465,12 +465,12 @@
465 465  
466 466  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
467 467  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_nrg865MODERN.pdf]]##
468 -{{/expandable}}
458 +{{/expand}}
469 469  
470 470  
471 471  == Study: Pervasive Findings of Directional Selection in Ancient DNA ==
472 472  
473 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Pervasive Findings of Directional Selection in Ancient DNA"}}
463 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Pervasive Findings of Directional Selection in Ancient DNA"}}
474 474  **Source:** *bioRxiv Preprint*
475 475  **Date of Publication:** *September 15, 2024*
476 476  **Author(s):** *Ali Akbari, Alison R. Barton, Steven Gazal, Zheng Li, Mohammadreza Kariminejad, et al.*
... ... @@ -551,12 +551,12 @@
551 551  
552 552  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
553 553  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1101_2024.09.14.613021doi_.pdf]]##
554 -{{/expandable}}
544 +{{/expand}}
555 555  
556 556  
557 557  == Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age ==
558 558  
559 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
549 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
560 560  **Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)*
561 561  **Date of Publication:** *2013*
562 562  **Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.*
... ... @@ -638,12 +638,12 @@
638 638  
639 639  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
640 640  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]]##
641 -{{/expandable}}
631 +{{/expand}}
642 642  
643 643  
644 644  == Study: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications ==
645 645  
646 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications"}}
636 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications"}}
647 647  **Source:** *Medical Hypotheses (Elsevier)*
648 648  **Date of Publication:** *2010*
649 649  **Author(s):** *Michael A. Woodley*
... ... @@ -725,12 +725,12 @@
725 725  
726 726  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
727 727  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.mehy.2009.07.046.pdf]]##
728 -{{/expandable}}
718 +{{/expand}}
729 729  
730 730  
731 731  == Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media ==
732 732  
733 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media"}}
723 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media"}}
734 734  **Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
735 735  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
736 736  **Author(s):** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle*
... ... @@ -812,12 +812,12 @@
812 812  
813 813  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
814 814  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]]##
815 -{{/expandable}}
805 +{{/expand}}
816 816  
817 817  
818 818  == Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation ==
819 819  
820 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation"}}
810 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation"}}
821 821  **Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
822 822  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
823 823  **Author(s):** *Davide Piffer*
... ... @@ -899,12 +899,12 @@
899 899  
900 900  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
901 901  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2015.08.008.pdf]]##
902 -{{/expandable}}
892 +{{/expand}}
903 903  
904 904  
905 905  == Study: Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding ==
906 906  
907 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Click here to expand details"}}
897 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Click here to expand details"}}
908 908  **Source:** Journal of Genetic Epidemiology
909 909  **Date of Publication:** 2024-01-15
910 910  **Author(s):** Smith et al.
... ... @@ -933,7 +933,7 @@
933 933  
934 934  - Reinforces the reliability of **self-reported racial identity** in genetic research.
935 935  - Highlights **policy considerations** in biomedical studies.
936 -{{/expandable}}
926 +{{/expand}}
937 937  
938 938  
939 939  ----
... ... @@ -943,7 +943,7 @@
943 943  
944 944  == Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018 ==
945 945  
946 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018"}}
936 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018"}}
947 947  **Source:** *JAMA Network Open*
948 948  **Date of Publication:** *2020*
949 949  **Author(s):** *Ueda P, Mercer CH, Ghaznavi C, Herbenick D.*
... ... @@ -1030,12 +1030,12 @@
1030 1030  #else
1031 1031  {{html}}<span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">🚨 PDF Not Available 🚨</span>{{/html}}
1032 1032  #end {{/velocity}}##
1033 -{{/expandable}}
1023 +{{/expand}}
1034 1034  
1035 1035  
1036 1036  == Study: Biracial Couples and Adverse Birth Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ==
1037 1037  
1038 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Biracial Couples and Adverse Birth Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"}}
1028 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Biracial Couples and Adverse Birth Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"}}
1039 1039  **Source:** *Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica*
1040 1040  **Date of Publication:** *2012*
1041 1041  **Author(s):** *Ravisha M. Srinivasjois, Shreya Shah, Prakesh S. Shah, Knowledge Synthesis Group on Determinants of Preterm/LBW Births*
... ... @@ -1117,12 +1117,12 @@
1117 1117  
1118 1118  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1119 1119  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1111_j.1600-0412.2012.01501.xAbstract.pdf]]##
1120 -{{/expandable}}
1110 +{{/expand}}
1121 1121  
1122 1122  
1123 1123  == Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness ==
1124 1124  
1125 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness"}}
1115 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness"}}
1126 1126  **Source:** *Current Psychology*
1127 1127  **Date of Publication:** *2024*
1128 1128  **Author(s):** *Brandon Sparks, Alexandra M. Zidenberg, Mark E. Olver*
... ... @@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@
1204 1204  
1205 1205  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1206 1206  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1007_s12144-023-04275-z.pdf]]##
1207 -{{/expandable}}
1197 +{{/expand}}
1208 1208  
1209 1209  
1210 1210  = Crime and Substance Abuse =
... ... @@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
1212 1212  
1213 1213  == Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program ==
1214 1214  
1215 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1205 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1216 1216  **Source:** *Substance Use & Misuse*
1217 1217  **Date of Publication:** *2002*
1218 1218  **Author(s):** *Clifford A. Butzin, Christine A. Saum, Frank R. Scarpitti*
... ... @@ -1294,12 +1294,12 @@
1294 1294  
1295 1295  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1296 1296  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1081_JA-120014424.pdf]]##
1297 -{{/expandable}}
1287 +{{/expand}}
1298 1298  
1299 1299  
1300 1300  == Study: Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys ==
1301 1301  
1302 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys"}}
1292 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys"}}
1303 1303  **Source:** *Substance Use & Misuse*
1304 1304  **Date of Publication:** *2003*
1305 1305  **Author(s):** *Timothy P. Johnson, Phillip J. Bowman*
... ... @@ -1381,12 +1381,12 @@
1381 1381  
1382 1382  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1383 1383  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1081_JA-120023394.pdf]]##
1384 -{{/expandable}}
1374 +{{/expand}}
1385 1385  
1386 1386  
1387 1387  == Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program ==
1388 1388  
1389 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1379 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1390 1390  **Source:** *Substance Use & Misuse*
1391 1391  **Date of Publication:** *2002*
1392 1392  **Author(s):** *Clifford A. Butzin, Christine A. Saum, Frank R. Scarpitti*
... ... @@ -1468,12 +1468,12 @@
1468 1468  
1469 1469  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1470 1470  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1081_JA-120014424.pdf]]##
1471 -{{/expandable}}
1461 +{{/expand}}
1472 1472  
1473 1473  
1474 1474  == Study: Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Young Adults ==
1475 1475  
1476 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Young Adults"}}
1466 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Young Adults"}}
1477 1477   Source: Addictive Behaviors
1478 1478  Date of Publication: 2016
1479 1479  Author(s): Andrea Hussong, Christy Capron, Gregory T. Smith, Jennifer L. Maggs
... ... @@ -1535,12 +1535,12 @@
1535 1535  
1536 1536  πŸ“„ Download Full Study
1537 1537  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.addbeh.2016.02.030.pdf]]
1538 -{{/expandable}}
1528 +{{/expand}}
1539 1539  
1540 1540  
1541 1541  == Study: Is there a Dysgenic Secular Trend Towards Slowing Simple Reaction Time? ==
1542 1542  
1543 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Is there a Dysgenic Secular Trend Towards Slowing Simple Reaction Time?"}}
1533 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Is there a Dysgenic Secular Trend Towards Slowing Simple Reaction Time?"}}
1544 1544  **Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
1545 1545  **Date of Publication:** *2014*
1546 1546  **Author(s):** *Michael A. Woodley, Jan te Nijenhuis, Raegan Murphy*
... ... @@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@
1622 1622  
1623 1623  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1624 1624  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2014.05.012.pdf]]##
1625 -{{/expandable}}
1615 +{{/expand}}
1626 1626  
1627 1627  
1628 1628  = Whiteness & White Guilt =
... ... @@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@
1629 1629  
1630 1630  == Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports ==
1631 1631  
1632 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}}
1622 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}}
1633 1633  **Source:** *Journal of Diversity in Higher Education*
1634 1634  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
1635 1635  **Author(s):** *Kirsten Hextrum*
... ... @@ -1711,12 +1711,12 @@
1711 1711  
1712 1712  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1713 1713  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1037_dhe0000140.pdf]]##
1714 -{{/expandable}}
1704 +{{/expand}}
1715 1715  
1716 1716  
1717 1717  == Study: Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations ==
1718 1718  
1719 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations"}}
1709 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations"}}
1720 1720  **Source:** *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)*
1721 1721  **Date of Publication:** *2016*
1722 1722  **Author(s):** *Kelly M. Hoffman, Sophie Trawalter, Jordan R. Axta, M. Norman Oliver*
... ... @@ -1798,12 +1798,12 @@
1798 1798  
1799 1799  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1800 1800  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1073_pnas.1516047113.pdf]]##
1801 -{{/expandable}}
1791 +{{/expand}}
1802 1802  
1803 1803  
1804 1804  == Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans ==
1805 1805  
1806 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans"}}
1796 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans"}}
1807 1807  **Source:** *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)*
1808 1808  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
1809 1809  **Author(s):** *Anne Case, Angus Deaton*
... ... @@ -1885,12 +1885,12 @@
1885 1885  
1886 1886  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1887 1887  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1073_pnas.1518393112.pdf]]##
1888 -{{/expandable}}
1878 +{{/expand}}
1889 1889  
1890 1890  
1891 1891  == Study: How Do People Without Migration Background Experience and Impact Today’s Superdiverse Cities? ==
1892 1892  
1893 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: How Do People Without Migration Background Experience and Impact Today’s Superdiverse Cities?"}}
1883 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: How Do People Without Migration Background Experience and Impact Today’s Superdiverse Cities?"}}
1894 1894  **Source:** *Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies*
1895 1895  **Date of Publication:** *2023*
1896 1896  **Author(s):** *Maurice Crul, Frans Lelie, Elif Keskiner, Laure Michon, Ismintha Waldring*
... ... @@ -1972,7 +1972,7 @@
1972 1972  
1973 1973  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1974 1974  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1080_1369183X.2023.2182548.pdf]]##
1975 -{{/expandable}}
1965 +{{/expand}}
1976 1976  
1977 1977  
1978 1978  = Media =
... ... @@ -1980,7 +1980,7 @@
1980 1980  
1981 1981  == Study: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Intergroup Conflic ==
1982 1982  
1983 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Intergroup Conflict"}}
1973 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Intergroup Conflict"}}
1984 1984  **Source:** *Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication*
1985 1985  **Date of Publication:** *2021*
1986 1986  **Author(s):** *Zeynep Tufekci, Jesse Fox, Andrew Chadwick*
... ... @@ -2060,12 +2060,12 @@
2060 2060  
2061 2061  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
2062 2062  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1093_jcmc_zmab003.pdf]]##
2063 -{{/expandable}}
2053 +{{/expand}}
2064 2064  
2065 2065  
2066 2066  == Study: Equality, Morality, and the Impact of Media Framing on Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Unions ==
2067 2067  
2068 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Equality, Morality, and the Impact of Media Framing on Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Unions"}}
2058 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Equality, Morality, and the Impact of Media Framing on Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Unions"}}
2069 2069  **Source:** *Politics & Policy*
2070 2070  **Date of Publication:** *2007*
2071 2071  **Author(s):** *Tyler Johnson*
... ... @@ -2145,12 +2145,12 @@
2145 2145  
2146 2146  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
2147 2147  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1111_j.1747-1346.2007.00092.x_abstract.pdf]]##
2148 -{{/expandable}}
2138 +{{/expand}}
2149 2149  
2150 2150  
2151 2151  == Study: The Effects of Digital Media on Political Persuasion ==
2152 2152  
2153 -{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Effects of Digital Media on Political Persuasion"}}
2143 +{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Effects of Digital Media on Political Persuasion"}}
2154 2154  **Source:** *Journal of Communication*
2155 2155  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
2156 2156  **Author(s):** *Natalie Stroud, Matthew Barnidge, Shannon McGregor*