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Changes for page Research at a Glance

Last modified by Ryan C on 2025/06/26 03:09

From version 88.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/03/30 12:03
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "Cultural Voyeurism A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Intera.pdf", version 1.1
To version 91.1
edited by Ryan C
on 2025/04/15 23:13
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5 - Welcome to the **Research at a Glance** repository. This section serves as a **centralized reference hub** for key academic studies related to various important Racial themes. Each study is categorized for easy navigation and presented in a **collapsible format** to maintain a clean layout. I wanted to make this for a couple of reasons. Number one is organization. There are a ton of useful studies out there that expose the truth, sometimes inadvertently. You'll notice that in this initial draft the summaries are often woke and reflect the bias of the AI writing them as well as the researchers politically correct conclusions in most cases. That's because I haven't gotten to going through and pointing out the reasons I put all of them in here.
5 + Welcome to the **Research at a Glance** repository. This section serves as a **centralized reference hub** for key academic studies related to various important Racial themes. Each study is categorized for easy navigation and presented in a **collapsible format** to maintain a clean layout. I wanted to make this for a couple of reasons. Number one is organization. There are a ton of useful studies out there that expose the truth, sometimes inadvertently. You'll notice that in this initial draft the summaries are often woke and reflect the bias of the AI writing them as well as the researchers politically correct conclusion in most cases. That's because I haven't gotten to going through and pointing out the reasons I put all of them in here.
6 6  
7 7  
8 8   There is often an underlying hypocrisy or double standard, saying the quiet part out loud, or conclusions that are so much of an antithesis to what the data shows that made me want to include it. At least, thats the idea for once its polished. I have about 150 more studies to upload, so it will be a few weeks before I get through it all. Until such time, feel free to search for them yourself and edit in what you find, or add your own studies. If you like you can do it manually, or if you'd rather go the route I did, just rename the study to its doi number and feed the study into an AI and tell them to summarize the study using the following format:
... ... @@ -112,7 +112,10 @@
112 112  
113 113  == Study: Reconstructing Indian Population History ==
114 114  
115 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Reconstructing Indian Population History"}}
115 +
116 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Reconstructing Indian Population History"}}
117 +
118 +
116 116  **Source:** *Nature*
117 117  **Date of Publication:** *2009*
118 118  **Author(s):** *David Reich, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Nick Patterson, Alkes L. Price, Lalji Singh*
... ... @@ -194,12 +194,17 @@
194 194  
195 195  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
196 196  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_nature08365.pdf]]##
197 -{{/expand}}
200 +
201 +
202 +{{/expandable}}
198 198  
199 199  
200 200  == Study: The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations ==
201 201  
202 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations"}}
207 +
208 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations"}}
209 +
210 +
203 203  **Source:** *Nature*
204 204  **Date of Publication:** *2016*
205 205  **Author(s):** *David Reich, Swapan Mallick, Heng Li, Mark Lipson, and others*
... ... @@ -281,12 +281,14 @@
281 281  
282 282  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
283 283  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_nature18964.pdf]]##
284 -{{/expand}}
292 +
293 +
294 +{{/expandable}}
285 285  
286 286  
287 287  == Study: Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies ==
288 288  
289 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies"}}
299 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies"}}
290 290  **Source:** *Nature Genetics*
291 291  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
292 292  **Author(s):** *Tinca J. C. Polderman, Beben Benyamin, Christiaan A. de Leeuw, Patrick F. Sullivan, Arjen van Bochoven, Peter M. Visscher, Danielle Posthuma*
... ... @@ -368,12 +368,12 @@
368 368  
369 369  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
370 370  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_ng.328.pdf]]##
371 -{{/expand}}
381 +{{/expandable}}
372 372  
373 373  
374 374  == Study: Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease ==
375 375  
376 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease"}}
386 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease"}}
377 377  **Source:** *Nature Reviews Genetics*
378 378  **Date of Publication:** *2002*
379 379  **Author(s):** *Sarah A. Tishkoff, Scott M. Williams*
... ... @@ -455,12 +455,12 @@
455 455  
456 456  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
457 457  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1038_nrg865MODERN.pdf]]##
458 -{{/expand}}
468 +{{/expandable}}
459 459  
460 460  
461 461  == Study: Pervasive Findings of Directional Selection in Ancient DNA ==
462 462  
463 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Pervasive Findings of Directional Selection in Ancient DNA"}}
473 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Pervasive Findings of Directional Selection in Ancient DNA"}}
464 464  **Source:** *bioRxiv Preprint*
465 465  **Date of Publication:** *September 15, 2024*
466 466  **Author(s):** *Ali Akbari, Alison R. Barton, Steven Gazal, Zheng Li, Mohammadreza Kariminejad, et al.*
... ... @@ -541,12 +541,12 @@
541 541  
542 542  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
543 543  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1101_2024.09.14.613021doi_.pdf]]##
544 -{{/expand}}
554 +{{/expandable}}
545 545  
546 546  
547 547  == Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age ==
548 548  
549 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
559 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
550 550  **Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)*
551 551  **Date of Publication:** *2013*
552 552  **Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.*
... ... @@ -628,12 +628,12 @@
628 628  
629 629  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
630 630  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]]##
631 -{{/expand}}
641 +{{/expandable}}
632 632  
633 633  
634 634  == Study: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications ==
635 635  
636 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications"}}
646 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications"}}
637 637  **Source:** *Medical Hypotheses (Elsevier)*
638 638  **Date of Publication:** *2010*
639 639  **Author(s):** *Michael A. Woodley*
... ... @@ -715,12 +715,12 @@
715 715  
716 716  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
717 717  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.mehy.2009.07.046.pdf]]##
718 -{{/expand}}
728 +{{/expandable}}
719 719  
720 720  
721 721  == Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media ==
722 722  
723 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media"}}
733 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Intelligence Research, Experts' Background, Controversial Issues, and the Media"}}
724 724  **Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
725 725  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
726 726  **Author(s):** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle*
... ... @@ -802,12 +802,12 @@
802 802  
803 803  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
804 804  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]]##
805 -{{/expand}}
815 +{{/expandable}}
806 806  
807 807  
808 808  == Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation ==
809 809  
810 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation"}}
820 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: A Review of Intelligence GWAS Hits: Their Relationship to Country IQ and the Issue of Spatial Autocorrelation"}}
811 811  **Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
812 812  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
813 813  **Author(s):** *Davide Piffer*
... ... @@ -889,12 +889,12 @@
889 889  
890 890  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
891 891  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2015.08.008.pdf]]##
892 -{{/expand}}
902 +{{/expandable}}
893 893  
894 894  
895 895  == Study: Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding ==
896 896  
897 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Click here to expand details"}}
907 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Click here to expand details"}}
898 898  **Source:** Journal of Genetic Epidemiology
899 899  **Date of Publication:** 2024-01-15
900 900  **Author(s):** Smith et al.
... ... @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@
923 923  
924 924  - Reinforces the reliability of **self-reported racial identity** in genetic research.
925 925  - Highlights **policy considerations** in biomedical studies.
926 -{{/expand}}
936 +{{/expandable}}
927 927  
928 928  
929 929  ----
... ... @@ -933,7 +933,7 @@
933 933  
934 934  == Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018 ==
935 935  
936 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018"}}
946 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018"}}
937 937  **Source:** *JAMA Network Open*
938 938  **Date of Publication:** *2020*
939 939  **Author(s):** *Ueda P, Mercer CH, Ghaznavi C, Herbenick D.*
... ... @@ -1020,12 +1020,12 @@
1020 1020  #else
1021 1021  {{html}}<span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">🚨 PDF Not Available 🚨</span>{{/html}}
1022 1022  #end {{/velocity}}##
1023 -{{/expand}}
1033 +{{/expandable}}
1024 1024  
1025 1025  
1026 1026  == Study: Biracial Couples and Adverse Birth Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ==
1027 1027  
1028 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Biracial Couples and Adverse Birth Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"}}
1038 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Biracial Couples and Adverse Birth Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"}}
1029 1029  **Source:** *Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica*
1030 1030  **Date of Publication:** *2012*
1031 1031  **Author(s):** *Ravisha M. Srinivasjois, Shreya Shah, Prakesh S. Shah, Knowledge Synthesis Group on Determinants of Preterm/LBW Births*
... ... @@ -1107,12 +1107,12 @@
1107 1107  
1108 1108  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1109 1109  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1111_j.1600-0412.2012.01501.xAbstract.pdf]]##
1110 -{{/expand}}
1120 +{{/expandable}}
1111 1111  
1112 1112  
1113 1113  == Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness ==
1114 1114  
1115 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness"}}
1125 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness"}}
1116 1116  **Source:** *Current Psychology*
1117 1117  **Date of Publication:** *2024*
1118 1118  **Author(s):** *Brandon Sparks, Alexandra M. Zidenberg, Mark E. Olver*
... ... @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
1194 1194  
1195 1195  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1196 1196  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1007_s12144-023-04275-z.pdf]]##
1197 -{{/expand}}
1207 +{{/expandable}}
1198 1198  
1199 1199  
1200 1200  = Crime and Substance Abuse =
... ... @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@
1202 1202  
1203 1203  == Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program ==
1204 1204  
1205 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1215 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1206 1206  **Source:** *Substance Use & Misuse*
1207 1207  **Date of Publication:** *2002*
1208 1208  **Author(s):** *Clifford A. Butzin, Christine A. Saum, Frank R. Scarpitti*
... ... @@ -1284,12 +1284,12 @@
1284 1284  
1285 1285  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1286 1286  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1081_JA-120014424.pdf]]##
1287 -{{/expand}}
1297 +{{/expandable}}
1288 1288  
1289 1289  
1290 1290  == Study: Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys ==
1291 1291  
1292 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys"}}
1302 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys"}}
1293 1293  **Source:** *Substance Use & Misuse*
1294 1294  **Date of Publication:** *2003*
1295 1295  **Author(s):** *Timothy P. Johnson, Phillip J. Bowman*
... ... @@ -1371,12 +1371,12 @@
1371 1371  
1372 1372  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1373 1373  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1081_JA-120023394.pdf]]##
1374 -{{/expand}}
1384 +{{/expandable}}
1375 1375  
1376 1376  
1377 1377  == Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program ==
1378 1378  
1379 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1389 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Factors Associated with Completion of a Drug Treatment Court Diversion Program"}}
1380 1380  **Source:** *Substance Use & Misuse*
1381 1381  **Date of Publication:** *2002*
1382 1382  **Author(s):** *Clifford A. Butzin, Christine A. Saum, Frank R. Scarpitti*
... ... @@ -1458,12 +1458,12 @@
1458 1458  
1459 1459  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1460 1460  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1081_JA-120014424.pdf]]##
1461 -{{/expand}}
1471 +{{/expandable}}
1462 1462  
1463 1463  
1464 1464  == Study: Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Young Adults ==
1465 1465  
1466 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Young Adults"}}
1476 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Young Adults"}}
1467 1467   Source: Addictive Behaviors
1468 1468  Date of Publication: 2016
1469 1469  Author(s): Andrea Hussong, Christy Capron, Gregory T. Smith, Jennifer L. Maggs
... ... @@ -1525,12 +1525,12 @@
1525 1525  
1526 1526  πŸ“„ Download Full Study
1527 1527  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.addbeh.2016.02.030.pdf]]
1528 -{{/expand}}
1538 +{{/expandable}}
1529 1529  
1530 1530  
1531 1531  == Study: Is there a Dysgenic Secular Trend Towards Slowing Simple Reaction Time? ==
1532 1532  
1533 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Is there a Dysgenic Secular Trend Towards Slowing Simple Reaction Time?"}}
1543 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Is there a Dysgenic Secular Trend Towards Slowing Simple Reaction Time?"}}
1534 1534  **Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
1535 1535  **Date of Publication:** *2014*
1536 1536  **Author(s):** *Michael A. Woodley, Jan te Nijenhuis, Raegan Murphy*
... ... @@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@
1612 1612  
1613 1613  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1614 1614  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2014.05.012.pdf]]##
1615 -{{/expand}}
1625 +{{/expandable}}
1616 1616  
1617 1617  
1618 1618  = Whiteness & White Guilt =
... ... @@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@
1619 1619  
1620 1620  == Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports ==
1621 1621  
1622 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}}
1632 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}}
1623 1623  **Source:** *Journal of Diversity in Higher Education*
1624 1624  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
1625 1625  **Author(s):** *Kirsten Hextrum*
... ... @@ -1701,12 +1701,12 @@
1701 1701  
1702 1702  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1703 1703  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1037_dhe0000140.pdf]]##
1704 -{{/expand}}
1714 +{{/expandable}}
1705 1705  
1706 1706  
1707 1707  == Study: Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations ==
1708 1708  
1709 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations"}}
1719 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations"}}
1710 1710  **Source:** *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)*
1711 1711  **Date of Publication:** *2016*
1712 1712  **Author(s):** *Kelly M. Hoffman, Sophie Trawalter, Jordan R. Axta, M. Norman Oliver*
... ... @@ -1788,12 +1788,12 @@
1788 1788  
1789 1789  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1790 1790  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1073_pnas.1516047113.pdf]]##
1791 -{{/expand}}
1801 +{{/expandable}}
1792 1792  
1793 1793  
1794 1794  == Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans ==
1795 1795  
1796 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans"}}
1806 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans"}}
1797 1797  **Source:** *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)*
1798 1798  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
1799 1799  **Author(s):** *Anne Case, Angus Deaton*
... ... @@ -1875,12 +1875,12 @@
1875 1875  
1876 1876  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1877 1877  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1073_pnas.1518393112.pdf]]##
1878 -{{/expand}}
1888 +{{/expandable}}
1879 1879  
1880 1880  
1881 1881  == Study: How Do People Without Migration Background Experience and Impact Today’s Superdiverse Cities? ==
1882 1882  
1883 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: How Do People Without Migration Background Experience and Impact Today’s Superdiverse Cities?"}}
1893 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: How Do People Without Migration Background Experience and Impact Today’s Superdiverse Cities?"}}
1884 1884  **Source:** *Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies*
1885 1885  **Date of Publication:** *2023*
1886 1886  **Author(s):** *Maurice Crul, Frans Lelie, Elif Keskiner, Laure Michon, Ismintha Waldring*
... ... @@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@
1962 1962  
1963 1963  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
1964 1964  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1080_1369183X.2023.2182548.pdf]]##
1965 -{{/expand}}
1975 +{{/expandable}}
1966 1966  
1967 1967  
1968 1968  = Media =
... ... @@ -1970,7 +1970,7 @@
1970 1970  
1971 1971  == Study: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Intergroup Conflic ==
1972 1972  
1973 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Intergroup Conflict"}}
1983 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Intergroup Conflict"}}
1974 1974  **Source:** *Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication*
1975 1975  **Date of Publication:** *2021*
1976 1976  **Author(s):** *Zeynep Tufekci, Jesse Fox, Andrew Chadwick*
... ... @@ -2050,12 +2050,12 @@
2050 2050  
2051 2051  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
2052 2052  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1093_jcmc_zmab003.pdf]]##
2053 -{{/expand}}
2063 +{{/expandable}}
2054 2054  
2055 2055  
2056 2056  == Study: Equality, Morality, and the Impact of Media Framing on Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Unions ==
2057 2057  
2058 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: Equality, Morality, and the Impact of Media Framing on Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Unions"}}
2068 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: Equality, Morality, and the Impact of Media Framing on Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Unions"}}
2059 2059  **Source:** *Politics & Policy*
2060 2060  **Date of Publication:** *2007*
2061 2061  **Author(s):** *Tyler Johnson*
... ... @@ -2135,12 +2135,12 @@
2135 2135  
2136 2136  ## **πŸ“„ Download Full Study**
2137 2137  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1111_j.1747-1346.2007.00092.x_abstract.pdf]]##
2138 -{{/expand}}
2148 +{{/expandable}}
2139 2139  
2140 2140  
2141 2141  == Study: The Effects of Digital Media on Political Persuasion ==
2142 2142  
2143 -{{expand expanded="false" title="Study: The Effects of Digital Media on Political Persuasion"}}
2153 +{{expandable expandByDefault="false" summary="Study: The Effects of Digital Media on Political Persuasion"}}
2144 2144  **Source:** *Journal of Communication*
2145 2145  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
2146 2146  **Author(s):** *Natalie Stroud, Matthew Barnidge, Shannon McGregor*