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	231	+{{expand title="Study: One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness" expanded="false"}}
	232	+**Source:** *Current Psychology*
	233	+**Date of Publication:** *2024*
	234	+**Author(s):** *Brandon Sparks, Alexandra M. Zidenberg, Mark E. Olver*
	235	+**Title:** *"One is the Loneliest Number: Involuntary Celibacy (Incel), Mental Health, and Loneliness"*
	236	+**DOI:** [10.1007/s12144-023-04275-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04275-z)
	237	+**Subject Matter:** *Psychology, Mental Health, Social Isolation*
	238	+
	239	+---
	240	+
	241	+## **Key Statistics**
	242	+1. **General Observations:**
	243	+ - Study analyzed **67 self-identified incels** and **103 non-incel men**.
	244	+ - Incels reported **higher loneliness and lower social support** compared to non-incels.
	245	+
	246	+2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
	247	+ - Incels exhibited **higher levels of depression, anxiety, and self-critical rumination**.
	248	+ - **Social isolation was a key factor** differentiating incels from non-incels.
	249	+
	250	+3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
	251	+ - 95% of incels in the study reported **having depression**, with 38% receiving a formal diagnosis.
	252	+ - **Higher externalization of blame** was linked to stronger incel identification.
	253	+
	254	+---
	255	+
	256	+## **Findings**
	257	+1. **Primary Observations:**
	258	+ - Incels experience **heightened rejection sensitivity and loneliness**.
	259	+ - Lack of social support correlates with **worse mental health outcomes**.
	260	+
	261	+2. **Subgroup Trends:**
	262	+ - **Avoidant attachment styles** were a strong predictor of incel identity.
	263	+ - **Mate value perceptions** significantly differed between incels and non-incels.
	264	+
	265	+3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
	266	+ - Incels **engaged in fewer positive coping mechanisms** such as emotional support or positive reframing.
	267	+ - Instead, they relied on **solitary coping strategies**, worsening their isolation.
	268	+
	269	+---
	270	+
	271	+## **Critique and Observations**
	272	+1. **Strengths of the Study:**
	273	+ - **First quantitative study** on incels’ social isolation and mental health.
	274	+ - **Robust sample size** and validated psychological measures.
	275	+
	276	+2. **Limitations of the Study:**
	277	+ - Sample drawn from **Reddit communities**, which may not represent all incels.
	278	+ - **No causal conclusions**—correlations between isolation and inceldom need further research.
	279	+
	280	+3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
	281	+ - Future studies should **compare incel forum users vs. non-users**.
	282	+ - Investigate **potential intervention strategies** for social integration.
	283	+
	284	+---
	285	+
	286	+## **Relevance to Subproject**
	287	+- Highlights **mental health vulnerabilities** within the incel community.
	288	+- Supports research on **loneliness, attachment styles, and social dominance orientation**.
	289	+- Examines how **peer rejection influences self-perceived mate value**.
	290	+
	291	+---
	292	+
	293	+## **Suggestions for Further Exploration**
	294	+1. Explore how **online community participation** affects incel mental health.
	295	+2. Investigate **cognitive biases** influencing self-perceived rejection among incels.
	296	+3. Assess **therapeutic interventions** to address incel social isolation.
	297	+
	298	+---
	299	+
	300	+## **Summary of Research Study**
	301	+This study examines the **psychological characteristics of self-identified incels**, comparing them with non-incel men in terms of **mental health, loneliness, and coping strategies**. The research found **higher depression, anxiety, and avoidant attachment styles among incels**, as well as **greater reliance on solitary coping mechanisms**. It suggests that **lack of social support plays a critical role in exacerbating incel identity and related mental health concerns**.
	302	+
	303	+This summary provides an accessible, at-a-glance overview of the study’s contributions. Please refer to the full paper for in-depth analysis.
	304	+
	305	+---
	306	+
	307	+## **📄 Download Full Study**
	308	+{{velocity}}
	309	+#set($doi = "10.1007_s12144-023-04275-z")
	310	+#set($filename = "${doi}.pdf")
	311	+#if($xwiki.exists("attach:$filename"))
	312	+[[Download>>attach:$filename]]
	313	+#else
	314	+{{html}}<span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">🚨 PDF Not Available 🚨</span>{{/html}}
	315	+#end
	316	+{{/velocity}}
	317	+
	318	+{{/expand}}
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	320	+{{html}}<hr style="border: 3px solid red;">{{/html}}
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