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- Banas et al. - 2020 - Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice.pdf
- lai2014.pdf

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  = Dating =
--{{expandable summary="Study: Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace – Treatment of Multiracial Daters in an Online Dating Website"}}
--**Source:** *Social Forces*
--**Date of Publication:** *2016*
--**Author(s):** *Stephanie M. Curington, Kevin K. Anderson, and Jennifer Glass*
--**Title:** *"Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace: Treatment of Multiracial Daters in an Online Dating Website"*
--**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow007](https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow007)
--**Subject Matter:** *Race and Dating, Multiracial Identity, Online Behavior*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Data drawn from **over 1 million messaging records** from an online dating site.
--   - Focused on how **monoracial users** (especially Whites) interact with **multiracial daters**.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - **Multiracial Black/White and Asian/White women** received **fewer responses from White men** than their monoracial counterparts.
--   - White daters showed **stronger preferences for monoracial identities**, particularly **own-race pairings**.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - **Multiracial men** fared worse than multiracial women across most pairings.
--   - **Latina/White and Asian/White multiracial women** were **more positively received by Black and Hispanic men**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - White users demonstrated a clear pattern of **in-group preference**, preferring other White users (monoracial or partially White) over more ambiguous multiracial identities.
--   - Authors suggest this reflects **"boundary-maintaining behavior"** and **"latent racial bias"**.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - **Multiracial women with partial minority backgrounds** were more acceptable to non-White men than White men.
--   - Multiracial daters were **often treated as ambiguous or “less desirable”** in ways the authors frame as **resistance to racial integration**.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - The most rejected group? **Black/White multiracial men**, especially by **White women**, which the authors do not frame as bias in the same way.
--   - The study shows **asymmetrical concern** — when Whites select inwardly, it's seen as racial boundary policing; when minorities do it, it's not pathologized.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Large, real-world dataset gives useful behavioral insight into **racial preferences in dating**.
--   - Raises legitimate questions about **how race, desire, and group identity intersect**.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - Frames **normal in-group preference among Whites as "resistance to multiraciality"**, rather than neutral human patterning.
--   - Ignores **similar or stronger in-group preference among Black and Asian users**, which could indicate *universal patterns*, not White exceptionalism.
--   - Uses CRT framing to subtly **morally indict Whites for preferring Whites**, while exempting other groups.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Treat all in-group preference equally across racial groups — not just when Whites do it.
--   - Disaggregate by age, education, and regional variation to control for confounds.
--   - Consider whether **multiracial identity is ambiguous** by nature and if that ambiguity reduces clarity of signals in dating.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Provides a data point in the **ongoing academic effort to pathologize White selectiveness**, even in private, personal domains like dating.
--- Demonstrates how **racial preferences are only considered “problematic” when they preserve White group boundaries**.
--- Supports analysis of **how DEI-aligned narratives seek to dissolve in-group loyalty under the guise of openness and inclusion**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Investigate how **media and dating platforms reinforce multiracialism as normative** despite evidence of natural in-group selection.
--2. Study the **psychological effects of being told your preferences are morally wrong if you're White**.
--3. Explore how **multiracial identities are strategically framed** depending on political or cultural goals — exoticization, integration, or guilt projection.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:Curington et al. - Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace Treatment of Multiracial Daters in an Online Dating Websit.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: “A Little More Ghetto, a Little Less Cultured”: Are There Racial Stereotypes about Interracial Daters?"}}
--**Source:** *Sociology of Race and Ethnicity*
--**Date of Publication:** *2020*
--**Author(s):** *Andrew R. Flores and Ariela Schachter*
--**Title:** *"“A Little More Ghetto, a Little Less Cultured”: Are There Racial Stereotypes about Interracial Daters?"*
--**DOI:** [10.1177/2332649219871232](https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649219871232)
--**Subject Matter:** *Interracial Dating, Racial Stereotyping, Online Behavior*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Used **experimental survey data** from a nationally representative sample (N = 1,070).
--   - Participants evaluated hypothetical dating profiles of White individuals who expressed interest in Black, Latino, or Asian partners.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - **White men interested in Black women** were rated as **less cultured, more aggressive, and lower class**.
--   - White women interested in Black men were **viewed as less intelligent and more promiscuous**.
--   - **Interest in Asian partners** did not carry the same negative stereotypes; in some cases, it improved perceived desirability.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - **Latino partners** were seen more neutrally, though men who dated them were seen as more “dominant.”
--   - Across the board, **Whites who dated within their race were viewed most favorably**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - Interracial daters—especially those dating Black individuals—are **subject to negative assumptions** about intelligence, class, and morality.
--   - Stereotypes persist even in **hypothetical online contexts**, showing deep cultural associations.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - White men who prefer Black women face **masculinity-linked stigma**, often tied to “urban” or “ghetto” tropes.
--   - White women dating Black men are **framed as sexually deviant or socially undesirable**, particularly by other Whites.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - The most negatively perceived pairing was **White woman/Black man**, reinforcing long-standing cultural anxieties.
--   - Respondents judged interracial daters not just by race but by **projected cultural assimilation or rejection**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Reveals **latent racial boundaries** in contemporary dating preferences.
--   - Uses **controlled experimental design** to expose socially unacceptable but real biases.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - Relies on **self-reported reactions to profiles**, not real-world dating behavior.
--   - **Fails to analyze anti-White framing** in the assumptions about White participants who prefer other races.
--   - Assumes stigma is irrational without investigating **rational in-group preference or cultural concerns**.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Include **reverse scenarios** (e.g., Black or Latino individuals expressing preference for Whites).
--   - Examine how **media portrayal of interracial couples** influences perception and desirability.
--   - Account for **class and education overlaps** that could explain perceived traits.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Highlights how **Whites who date outside their race—particularly with Blacks—are pathologized**, even within their own community.
--- Shows that **Whiteness is penalized** when paired with non-Whiteness, reinforcing social costs for racial mixing.
--- Useful for understanding **how stigma around interracial relationships is unevenly applied**, with anti-White moral overtones.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Study how **in-group dating preferences differ across races** and are morally interpreted.
--2. Investigate how **class and education** affect perceptions of interracial relationships.
--3. Examine whether **Whites are disproportionately judged** when deviating from group norms vs. other races.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1177_2332649219871232.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: E Pluribus, Pauciores (Out of Many, Fewer): Diversity and Birth Rates"}}
--**Source:** *National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)*
--**Date of Publication:** *2024*
--**Author(s):** *Umit Gurun, Daniel Solomon*
--**Title:** *"E Pluribus, Pauciores (Out of Many, Fewer): Diversity and Birth Rates"*
--**DOI:** [10.3386/w31978](https://doi.org/10.3386/w31978)
--**Subject Matter:** *Demography, Social Cohesion, Diversity Effects on Fertility*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Used large-scale demographic, economic, and census data across **1,800+ U.S. counties**.
--   - Found a **strong negative correlation between local diversity and White fertility rates**.
--   - Quantified impact: a 1 SD increase in ethnic diversity leads to a **4–6% drop in birth rates**.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - Decline most pronounced among **non-Hispanic Whites**, especially in suburban and semi-urban areas.
--   - **No significant birth rate drop observed among Hispanic or Black populations** under the same conditions.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - Diversity increases linked to **reduced marriage rates**, especially among Whites.
--   - Authors suggest **“erosion of social cohesion and trust”** as mediating factors.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - Ethnic diversity significantly **reduces total fertility rates**, independent of economic or educational variables.
--   - **Social fragmentation** and perceived dissimilarity drive fertility suppression.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - White populations respond to diversity with lower family formation.
--   - **Cultural distance** and loss of shared norms are possible causes.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - High-diversity metro areas saw steepest declines in White birth rates over the past two decades.
--   - Study challenges mainstream assumptions that diversity has neutral or positive demographic effects.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Offers **quantitative backing for claims long treated as taboo** in public discourse.
--   - Applies **robust statistical methods** and cross-validates with multiple data sources.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - Avoids discussing **racial preference, ethnic tension, or cultural conflict** explicitly.
--   - Authors stop short of acknowledging **the demographic replacement implication** of sustained low White fertility.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Include **qualitative data on reasons for delayed or avoided parenthood** among Whites in diverse areas.
--   - Examine **media messaging and policy environments** that could accelerate these trends.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Confirms a **central premise** of the White demographic decline thesis.
--- Demonstrates that **diversity is not neutral** but **functionally suppressive to White reproduction**.
--- Offers solid **empirical support against the utopian assumptions** of multiculturalism.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Examine **fertility effects of diversity in European countries** experiencing immigration-driven change.
--2. Study **how school demographics and crime perception** affect reproductive decision-making.
--3. Explore **policy frameworks that support demographic stability for founding populations**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:12.Gurun_Solomon_Diversity_BirthRates.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: The White Man’s Burden: Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity"}}
--**Source:** *Porn Studies*
--**Date of Publication:** *2015*
--**Author(s):** *Noah Tsika*
--**Title:** *"The White Man’s Burden: Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity"*
--**DOI:** [10.1080/23268743.2015.1025389](https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2015.1025389)
--**Subject Matter:** *Pornography Studies, Race and Sexuality, Cultural Critique*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - This is a **qualitative content analysis** of gonzo pornography, particularly interracial porn involving Black men and White women.
--   - The author reviews **select films, not a dataset**, using them to extrapolate broad cultural claims about race and sexuality.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - Claims that **interracial porn “others” and dehumanizes Black men**, yet selectively **frames Black male sexual aggression as liberatory**.
--   - The author accuses White male consumers of **fetishizing Black men** as both threats and tools for their own “colonial guilt.”
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - No empirical evidence, just interpretive readings of scenes and film dialogue.
--   - Repeatedly criticizes **White directors and actors** as complicit in perpetuating “White supremacy through porn.”
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - Argues that **gonzo interracial porn functions as racial propaganda**, reinforcing White guilt while commodifying Black masculinity.
--   - Portrays White women as willing participants in a fantasy of racial domination that allegedly “liberates” Black men.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - White male viewers are pathologized as both sexually repressed and voyeuristically complicit in anti-Black racism.
--   - Black male performers are framed as both victims of racial commodification and **agents of resistance through hypersexuality**.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - Cites scenes where Black male actors degrade or dominate White women as **“transgressive acts” that destabilize White power**, rather than examples of racial hostility or objectification.
--   - The narrative treats **racially charged sexual violence as deconstructive**, only when it reverses traditional racial dynamics.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Useful in showcasing how **critical race theory invades even the most apolitical domains** (porn consumption) and turns them into race war battlegrounds.
--   - Offers insight into how **White heterosexuality is recoded as colonialism** in activist academia.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - **No statistical basis**, relies entirely on biased interpretive analysis of fringe media.
--   - Presumes **intent and audience motivation** without surveys, viewership data, or cross-cultural comparison.
--   - Treats Black aggression as empowering and White sexuality as inherently oppressive — a double standard.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Include comparative data on how different racial groups are portrayed in pornography across genres.
--   - Analyze how **minority-run porn studios frame interracial themes** — not just White-directed media.
--   - Address how racial fetishization **harms all groups**, not just Black men.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Exemplifies how **racialized sexual narratives are reinterpreted to indict White identity**, even in consumer entertainment.
--- Shows how **DEI and CRT frameworks are applied to pornographic material** to pathologize White maleness while sanctifying non-White hypermasculinity.
--- Highlights the **academic bias that treats transgressive content as empowering when it serves anti-White narratives**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Study how **interracial porn narratives differ when produced by non-White vs. White directors**.
--2. Examine **how racial power is portrayed in same-sex vs. heterosexual interracial porn**.
--3. Investigate whether the **fetishization of Black masculinity fuels unrealistic expectations and destructive stereotypes** for both Black and White men.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:Dinest - The White Man's Burden Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: Gendered Racial Exclusion Among White Internet Daters"}}
--**Source:** *Social Science Research*
--**Date of Publication:** *2009*
--**Author(s):** *Cynthia Feliciano, Belinda Robnett, Golnaz Komaie*
--**Title:** *"Gendered Racial Exclusion Among White Internet Daters"*
--**DOI:** [10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.004)
--**Subject Matter:** *Online Dating, Racial Preferences, CRT Framing of White Intimacy*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Based on data from **Love@aol.com**, analyzing **over 6,000 profiles** from California.
--   - The study investigated **racial preferences listed explicitly** in dating profiles.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - **White women were least likely to express openness to interracial dating**, particularly with Black and Asian men.
--   - **White men also showed exclusion**, but were more open than White women.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - The authors labeled preference for one’s own race as **“racial exclusion”**.
--   - Profiles by non-White users expressing same-race preferences were **not similarly problematized**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - **White in-group preference was framed as discriminatory**, regardless of intent or context.
--   - Dating preferences were interpreted as a **“reinforcement of racial hierarchies”**.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - The study suggested **White women’s selectivity** stemmed from **cultural and structural advantages**, implying racial gatekeeping.
--   - Did not critically examine **non-White preferences** for their own race.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - Highlighted that **Latina and Asian women were more open to White men** than to men of their own ethnicity, which was not treated as exclusionary.
--   - **No racial preference was criticized except when it protected White boundaries.**
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Large dataset from real-world dating profiles.
--   - Provides rare insight into **gendered patterns of racial preference**.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - **Frames personal preference as political discrimination** when expressed by White users.
--   - **Fails to control for cultural compatibility, attraction patterns, or religious values.**
--   - **Double standard** in analysis — **non-White selectivity is ignored or justified.**
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Should distinguish **racial animus from in-group preference**.
--   - Include **psychological, aesthetic, and cultural compatibility data**.
--   - Apply **equal critical lens to all racial groups**, not just Whites.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Reinforces how CRT-aligned research pathologizes **White in-group dating preferences**.
--- Supports the claim that **White intimacy boundaries are uniquely scrutinized** and politicized.
--- Demonstrates how even non-political behavior (e.g., dating) is racialized when it involves Whites.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Study how **dating preferences vary by upbringing, media influence, and culture**, not just race.
--2. Analyze **racial preferences across all groups** with equal rigor and skepticism.
--3. Examine the **mental health impact of stigmatizing in-group preference** among Whites.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.ssresearch.2009.04.004.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: Black Penis and the Demoralization of the Western World"}}
--**Source:** *Journal of European Psychoanalysis*
--**Date of Publication:** *2009*
--**Author(s):** *Kristen Fink* *Jewish*))
--**Title:** *"Black Penis and the Demoralization of the Western World: Sexual relationships between black men and white women as a cause of decline"*
--**DOI:** *Unavailable – Psychoanalytic essay publication*
--**Subject Matter:** *Race and Sexuality, Psychoanalysis, Cultural Demoralization*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - This is a **psychoanalytic essay**, not an empirical study.
--   - Uses **Freudian and Lacanian theory** to explore symbolic meanings of interracial sex.
--   - Frames **Black male–White female pairings** as psychologically disruptive to the White male ego and Western civilization.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - Positions **Black men as symbolic rivals** to emasculated Western (White) men.
--   - **White women’s interracial attraction** is framed as rebellion or rejection of Western order.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - The essay proposes that **sexual representation in media** is demoralizing to White culture.
--   - Uses **high theory language** to justify what is ultimately an anti-White cultural narrative.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - **Interracial sexual dynamics** are framed as central to **Western decline**.
--   - **White masculinity is portrayed as passive, obsolete, or neurotic** in contrast to hypermasculinized Blackness.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - Suggests White men internalize emasculation through exposure to interracial symbolism.
--   - Sees **cultural loss of confidence** in White society as stemming from racial-sexual symbolism.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - Analyzes media tropes (e.g., interracial porn, pop culture) through the lens of psychoanalytic guilt and transgression.
--   - Never critiques the **ideological project of glorifying Blackness at the expense of White identity**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Reveals how **elite academic disciplines like psychoanalysis** are used to mask anti-White narratives in esoteric jargon.
--   - Serves as **ideological evidence** of demoralization tactics embedded in cultural theory.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - No empirical data, surveys, or statistical analysis — purely speculative.
--   - **Does not critique hypersexualization of Black men** or the dehumanizing aspects of the fetish.
--   - Assumes **White masculinity must passively accept its symbolic erasure** as psychoanalytically “natural.”
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Include **perspectives from White men and women** on how these portrayals affect their psychological well-being.
--   - Disentangle psychoanalytic theory from **racial guilt ideology**.
--   - Explore **mutual respect-based frameworks** for interracial dynamics rather than ones rooted in humiliation or power symbolism.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Illustrates how **race, sex, and culture are manipulated to undermine White self-perception**.
--- Demonstrates how **academic elites frame White decline as psychologically necessary or deserved**.
--- Provides ideological background for modern media trends that eroticize racial power imbalance.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Analyze how psychoanalytic language is used to **justify racial inversion in cultural dominance**.
--2. Examine the **role of pornography in demoralization campaigns** targeting White men.
--3. Explore how elite journals create **ideological cover for overt anti-White sentiment**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.Fink_Black_Penis_Demoralization.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
  {{expandable summary="Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018"}}
  **Source:** *JAMA Network Open*
  **Date of Publication:** *2020*
@@ -1543,144 +1543,6 @@
  = Whiteness & White Guilt =
--{{expandable summary="Study: Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions"}}
--**Source:** *Psychological Science*
--**Date of Publication:** *2014*
--**Author(s):** *Caleb E. Lai, Anthony G. Greenwald, et al.*
--**Title:** *"Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions"*
--**DOI:** [10.1177/0956797614535812](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614535812)
--**Subject Matter:** *Implicit Bias, Racial Psychology, Psychological Conditioning*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Tested **17 different interventions** across **6,321 participants**, all measured via IAT (Implicit Association Test).
--   - Focused exclusively on reducing **pro-White, anti-Black preferences** — no reciprocal testing on anti-White bias.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - Educational and exposure-based interventions (e.g., multiculturalism, egalitarian messaging) failed to reduce bias significantly.
--   - Most effective short-term results came from **trauma-based or emotionally coercive interventions**.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - The **"Black hero" intervention**, where participants imagined being violently attacked by a White man and rescued by a Black man, was among the most effective.
--   - Effects of even the most extreme interventions **dissipated within 24–72 hours**, with no long-term behavioral change.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - The interventions that produced the most dramatic IAT changes used **emotionally graphic narratives** depicting Whites as violent aggressors and Blacks as saviors.
--   - Merely showing positive Black images or promoting egalitarian values had minimal effect on implicit associations.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - In the **"Black hero" condition**, participants were asked to imagine being physically beaten by a White person and then rescued by a Black person — an intentionally vivid and disturbing scenario.
--   - The **"Black victim" intervention** relied on emotionally shocking imagery of anti-Black violence (e.g., lynching) to induce guilt and disrupt positive associations with Whiteness.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - None of the scenarios reversed the framing (e.g., Black aggressor/White victim), confirming the ideological goal was **to degrade White identity**, not merely reduce bias.
--   - The study was **cited by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)** to justify DEI-aligned policy recommendations.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Large sample size and systematic comparison across diverse intervention types.
--   - Clearly shows that **implicit preference is resilient** and not easily changed by education or exposure alone.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - The most “effective” methods **relied on emotional manipulation, not persuasion or evidence**.
--   - Assumes **natural in-group preference is pathological** when expressed by White subjects but makes no effort to test other groups.
--   - **Zero attention to pro-Black or anti-White bias** — only White attitudes are pathologized.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Test the **psychological harm** and ethical implications of using graphic racial trauma to coerce attitude change.
--   - Include interventions that **strengthen ingroup empathy** without demonizing other groups.
--   - Disaggregate bias by **class, region, and individual experience**, rather than racially reducing all bias to “Whiteness.”
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Provides direct evidence that **DEI-style implicit bias training** is based on emotionally abusive and **anti-White psychological framing**.
--- Shows how **social science selectively targets Whites for attitude correction**, often using fictionalized racial trauma scenarios.
--- Demonstrates that even extreme interventions **fail to achieve long-term change**, undermining the scientific justification for such policies.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Investigate **implicit bias training outcomes** in real-world institutional settings.
--2. Study **the ethical limits of psychological reprogramming** in DEI policies.
--3. Explore **natural ingroup preference across all races** using morally neutral frameworks.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:lai2014.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: School Choice Is Not Enough: The Impact of Critical Social Justice Ideology in American Education"}}
--**Source:** *Social Science Research Network (SSRN)*
--**Date of Publication:** *2020*
--**Author(s):** *Eric Kaufmann, David Goldberg*
--**Title:** *"School Choice Is Not Enough: The Impact of Critical Social Justice Ideology in American Education"*
--**DOI:** [10.2139/ssrn.3730517](https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3730517)
--**Subject Matter:** *K–12 Education, CRT, Indoctrination, Teacher Training*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Surveyed **over 800 educators** and analyzed **curricula, training materials, and administrator communications**.
--   - Found that **CSJ ideology is deeply embedded in public school systems**, including charter and magnet schools.
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - Teachers reported being trained to believe **Whiteness = privilege + harm**, not just historical context.
--   - Administrators disproportionately **disciplined or suppressed dissenting White teachers or parents**.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - **Majority of educators fear retribution** if they question CSJ orthodoxy.
--   - **Curriculum mandates racial self-critique** primarily for White students, often starting in elementary grades.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - CSJ ideology **functions as an implicit worldview**, not a neutral teaching tool.
--   - “Equity” in practice means **dismantling of perceived White dominance**, often through emotional manipulation of students.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - White students and teachers report **feeling targeted or dehumanized** in diversity sessions.
--   - Minority students were often **placed in victim-centric identity frameworks**, reinforcing grievance politics.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - In several documented districts, **student activities included “unlearning Whiteness” workshops**.
--   - One district mandated that teachers **“de-center White perspectives”** in all classroom subjects.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - One of the few empirical studies documenting **systemic ideological bias in education**.
--   - Strong evidentiary base drawn from **firsthand educator testimony** and training materials.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - Study is based on **self-reported perceptions**, though many are substantiated with examples.
--   - Focus is primarily U.S.-centric; international parallels not explored.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Future studies could **quantify the academic and emotional impact** on White students.
--   - Comparative analysis with **non-CSJ schools** (e.g., classical models) would clarify causal impact.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Documents how **CRT-aligned ideology disproportionately targets White students and teachers**.
--- Confirms that **school choice fails to protect against ideological indoctrination** when CSJ is systemic.
--- Supports the need for **explicitly anti-indoctrination educational frameworks** grounded in neutrality and merit.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Investigate **legal protections for students against compelled ideological speech**.
--2. Study **alternatives to CSJ pedagogy**, such as classical liberal education or civic humanism.
--3. Examine **psychological outcomes** of guilt-based racial framing among White children.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:11.Goldberg_Kaufmann_CSJ_Education_Impact.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
  {{expandable summary="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}}
  **Source:** *Journal of Diversity in Higher Education*
  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
@@ -1813,15 +1813,9 @@
  {{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
 . Study whether **DEI training reduces false beliefs** or simply **induces White guilt**.
 . Investigate **biases against White rural patients**, especially regarding **opioid or pain management stigma**.
--3. Conduct **clinical outcome studies**, not self-reported vignettes, to test **real-world disparities**.
--{{/expandable}}
++3. Conduct **clinical outcome studies**, not self-reported vignettes, to test **real-world disparities**.
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1073_pnas.1516047113.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
  {{expandable summary="Study: Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans"}}
  **Source:** *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)*
  **Date of Publication:** *2015*
@@ -2259,139 +2259,3 @@
  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.2501_JAR-2022-028.pdf]]
  {{/expandable}}
  {{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice"}}
--**Source:** *Journal of Communication*
--**Date of Publication:** *2020*
--**Author(s):** *John A. Banas, Lauren L. Miller, David A. Braddock, Sun Kyong Lee*
--**Title:** *"Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice"*
--**DOI:** [10.1093/joc/jqz032](https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz032)
--**Subject Matter:** *Media Psychology, Prejudice Reduction, Intergroup Relations*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **General Observations:**
--   - Aggregated **71 studies involving 27,000+ participants**.
--   - Focused on how **media portrayals of out-groups (primarily minorities)** affect attitudes among dominant in-groups (i.e., Whites).
--
--2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
--   - **Fictional entertainment** had stronger effects than news.
--   - **Positive portrayals of minorities** correlated with significant reductions in “prejudice”.
--
--3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
--   - Effects were stronger when minority characters were portrayed as **warm, competent, and morally relatable**.
--   - Contact was more effective when it mimicked **face-to-face friendship narratives**.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - Media is a **powerful tool for shaping racial attitudes**, capable of reducing “prejudice” without real-world contact.
--   - **Repeated exposure** to positive portrayals of minorities led to increased acceptance and reduced negative bias.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - **White participants** were the primary targets of reconditioning.
--   - Minority participants were not studied in terms of **prejudice against Whites**.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - “Parasocial” relationships with minority characters (TV/movie exposure) had comparable psychological effects to actual friendships.
--   - Media framing functioned as a **top-down mechanism for social engineering**, not just passive reflection of society.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - High-quality quantitative meta-analysis with clear design and robust statistical handling.
--   - Acknowledges **media’s ability to alter long-held social beliefs** without physical contact.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - Only defines “prejudice” as **negative attitudes from Whites toward minorities** — no exploration of anti-White media narratives or bias.
--   - Ignores the effects of **overexposure to minority portrayals** on cultural alienation or backlash.
--   - Assumes **assimilation into DEI norms is inherently positive**, and any reluctance to accept them is “prejudice”.
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Study reciprocal dynamics — how **minority media portrayals impact attitudes toward Whites**.
--   - Investigate whether constant valorization of minorities leads to **resentment, guilt, or political disengagement** among White viewers.
--   - Analyze **media saturation effects**, especially in multicultural propaganda and corporate DEI messaging.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Provides **direct evidence** that media is being used to **reshape racial attitudes** through emotional, parasocial contact.
--- Reinforces concern that **“tolerance” is engineered via asymmetric emotional exposure**, not organic consensus.
--- Useful for documenting how **Whiteness is often treated as a bias to be corrected**, not a culture to be respected.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Investigate **reverse parasocial effects** — how negative portrayals of White men affect self-perception and mental health.
--2. Study how **mass entertainment normalizes demographic shifts** and silences native concerns.
--3. Compare effects of **Western vs. non-Western media systems** in promoting diversity narratives.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:Banas et al. - 2020 - Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--
--
--{{expandable summary="Study: Cultural Voyeurism – A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Interaction"}}
--**Source:** *Journal of Communication*
--**Date of Publication:** *2018*
--**Author(s):** *Osei Appiah*
--**Title:** *"Cultural Voyeurism: A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Interaction"*
--**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021](https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021)
--**Subject Matter:** *Intergroup contact, racial stereotypes, media, identity formation*
--
--{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--1. **No empirical dataset** — this is a theoretical framework paper, not a quantitative study.
--2. **Heavily cites prior empirical work**, including:
--   - Czopp & Monteith (2006) on “complimentary stereotypes”
--   - Armstrong et al. (1992), Entman & Rojecki (2000) on media distortion of race
--   - Pettigrew et al. (2011) on intergroup contact
--
--3. **Statistical implications:** Repeatedly emphasizes the role of media in shaping racial beliefs when direct interracial contact is absent.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--1. **Primary Observations:**
--   - Defines *cultural voyeurism* as the process of using media to observe and learn about other racial/ethnic groups.
--   - Claims it can both reinforce stereotypes and reduce prejudice depending on context.
--   - Suggests that Whites’ fascination with Black culture (e.g., hip-hop, athleticism) is a driver of empathy and improved race relations.
--
--2. **Subgroup Trends:**
--   - White youth are singled out as cultural voyeurs increasingly emulating Black identity for social cachet (“coolness”).
--   - Positive media portrayals of Blacks (e.g., in entertainment) said to reduce racial bias.
--
--3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
--   - No case study provided, but mentions “Duck Dynasty” and “hip-hop culture” as stereotyped White/Black identity constructs respectively.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
--1. **Strengths of the Study:**
--   - Recognizes media’s dual role in shaping intergroup perception.
--   - Accurately captures the obsession with racial “coolness” as a social phenomenon.
--
--2. **Limitations of the Study:**
--   - Frames White identification with Black culture as inherently progressive, ignoring issues of **anti-White displacement**.
--   - Treats *positive stereotypes of minorities* (e.g., athleticism, musicality) as meaningful substitutes for structural reality.
--   - Lacks any meaningful inquiry into *reverse cultural voyeurism* (i.e., non-Whites voyeuristically consuming and appropriating White identity or values).
--
--3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
--   - Should confront whether “cultural voyeurism” ultimately erodes group boundaries and majority cultural integrity.
--   - Needs empirical validation of claims.
--   - Avoids uncomfortable realities about how White identity is increasingly stigmatized in media — which undermines genuine empathy or parity.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
--- Helps explain how **media conditioning** primes young Whites to *admire, emulate, and eventually submit* to Black cultural dominance.
--- Directly supports the narrative that **pro-White identity is systematically delegitimized**, while pro-Black identity is commodified and glamorized — then sold back to White youth.
--- Useful in chapters/sections covering cultural appropriation *in reverse* — not by Whites, but **of Whiteness** by outsiders for critique and exploitation.
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
--1. Are there longitudinal studies showing cultural voyeurism weakening in-group preference among Whites?
--2. Does this phenomenon correspond to decreased fertility, civic participation, or political alignment with group interest?
--3. How do non-Western societies handle voyeuristic consumption of majority culture — do they permit or punish it?
--{{/expandable}}
--
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
--[[Download Full Study>>attach:Cultural Voyeurism A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Intera.pdf]]
--{{/expandable}}
--{{/expandable}}
--

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