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... ... @@ -1122,6 +1122,76 @@ 1122 1122 1123 1123 = Whiteness & White Guilt = 1124 1124 1125 +{{expandable summary="Study: Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions"}} 1126 +**Source:** *Psychological Science* 1127 +**Date of Publication:** *2014* 1128 +**Author(s):** *Caleb E. Lai, Anthony G. Greenwald, et al.* 1129 +**Title:** *"Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions"* 1130 +**DOI:** [10.1177/0956797614535812](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614535812) 1131 +**Subject Matter:** *Implicit Bias, Racial Psychology, Psychological Conditioning* 1132 + 1133 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}} 1134 +1. **General Observations:** 1135 + - Tested **17 different interventions** across **6,321 participants**, all measured via IAT (Implicit Association Test). 1136 + - Focused exclusively on reducing **pro-White, anti-Black preferences** — no reciprocal testing on anti-White bias. 1137 + 1138 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:** 1139 + - Educational and exposure-based interventions (e.g., multiculturalism, egalitarian messaging) failed to reduce bias significantly. 1140 + - Most effective short-term results came from **trauma-based or emotionally coercive interventions**. 1141 + 1142 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:** 1143 + - The **"Black hero" intervention**, where participants imagined being violently attacked by a White man and rescued by a Black man, was among the most effective. 1144 + - Effects of even the most extreme interventions **dissipated within 24–72 hours**, with no long-term behavioral change. 1145 +{{/expandable}} 1146 + 1147 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}} 1148 +1. **Primary Observations:** 1149 + - The interventions that produced the most dramatic IAT changes used **emotionally graphic narratives** depicting Whites as violent aggressors and Blacks as saviors. 1150 + - Merely showing positive Black images or promoting egalitarian values had minimal effect on implicit associations. 1151 + 1152 +2. **Subgroup Trends:** 1153 + - In the **"Black hero" condition**, participants were asked to imagine being physically beaten by a White person and then rescued by a Black person — an intentionally vivid and disturbing scenario. 1154 + - The **"Black victim" intervention** relied on emotionally shocking imagery of anti-Black violence (e.g., lynching) to induce guilt and disrupt positive associations with Whiteness. 1155 + 1156 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:** 1157 + - None of the scenarios reversed the framing (e.g., Black aggressor/White victim), confirming the ideological goal was **to degrade White identity**, not merely reduce bias. 1158 + - The study was **cited by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)** to justify DEI-aligned policy recommendations. 1159 +{{/expandable}} 1160 + 1161 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}} 1162 +1. **Strengths of the Study:** 1163 + - Large sample size and systematic comparison across diverse intervention types. 1164 + - Clearly shows that **implicit preference is resilient** and not easily changed by education or exposure alone. 1165 + 1166 +2. **Limitations of the Study:** 1167 + - The most “effective” methods **relied on emotional manipulation, not persuasion or evidence**. 1168 + - Assumes **natural in-group preference is pathological** when expressed by White subjects but makes no effort to test other groups. 1169 + - **Zero attention to pro-Black or anti-White bias** — only White attitudes are pathologized. 1170 + 1171 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:** 1172 + - Test the **psychological harm** and ethical implications of using graphic racial trauma to coerce attitude change. 1173 + - Include interventions that **strengthen ingroup empathy** without demonizing other groups. 1174 + - Disaggregate bias by **class, region, and individual experience**, rather than racially reducing all bias to “Whiteness.” 1175 +{{/expandable}} 1176 + 1177 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}} 1178 +- Provides direct evidence that **DEI-style implicit bias training** is based on emotionally abusive and **anti-White psychological framing**. 1179 +- Shows how **social science selectively targets Whites for attitude correction**, often using fictionalized racial trauma scenarios. 1180 +- Demonstrates that even extreme interventions **fail to achieve long-term change**, undermining the scientific justification for such policies. 1181 +{{/expandable}} 1182 + 1183 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}} 1184 +1. Investigate **implicit bias training outcomes** in real-world institutional settings. 1185 +2. Study **the ethical limits of psychological reprogramming** in DEI policies. 1186 +3. Explore **natural ingroup preference across all races** using morally neutral frameworks. 1187 +{{/expandable}} 1188 + 1189 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}} 1190 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:lai2014.pdf]] 1191 +{{/expandable}} 1192 +{{/expandable}} 1193 + 1194 + 1125 1125 {{expandable summary="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}} 1126 1126 **Source:** *Journal of Diversity in Higher Education* 1127 1127 **Date of Publication:** *2019* ... ... @@ -1770,3 +1770,69 @@ 1770 1770 {{/expandable}} 1771 1771 {{/expandable}} 1772 1772 1843 + 1844 +{{expandable summary="Study: Cultural Voyeurism – A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Interaction"}} 1845 +**Source:** *Journal of Communication* 1846 +**Date of Publication:** *2018* 1847 +**Author(s):** *Osei Appiah* 1848 +**Title:** *"Cultural Voyeurism: A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Interaction"* 1849 +**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021](https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021) 1850 +**Subject Matter:** *Intergroup contact, racial stereotypes, media, identity formation* 1851 + 1852 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}} 1853 +1. **No empirical dataset** — this is a theoretical framework paper, not a quantitative study. 1854 +2. **Heavily cites prior empirical work**, including: 1855 + - Czopp & Monteith (2006) on “complimentary stereotypes” 1856 + - Armstrong et al. (1992), Entman & Rojecki (2000) on media distortion of race 1857 + - Pettigrew et al. (2011) on intergroup contact 1858 + 1859 +3. **Statistical implications:** Repeatedly emphasizes the role of media in shaping racial beliefs when direct interracial contact is absent. 1860 +{{/expandable}} 1861 + 1862 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}} 1863 +1. **Primary Observations:** 1864 + - Defines *cultural voyeurism* as the process of using media to observe and learn about other racial/ethnic groups. 1865 + - Claims it can both reinforce stereotypes and reduce prejudice depending on context. 1866 + - Suggests that Whites’ fascination with Black culture (e.g., hip-hop, athleticism) is a driver of empathy and improved race relations. 1867 + 1868 +2. **Subgroup Trends:** 1869 + - White youth are singled out as cultural voyeurs increasingly emulating Black identity for social cachet (“coolness”). 1870 + - Positive media portrayals of Blacks (e.g., in entertainment) said to reduce racial bias. 1871 + 1872 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:** 1873 + - No case study provided, but mentions “Duck Dynasty” and “hip-hop culture” as stereotyped White/Black identity constructs respectively. 1874 +{{/expandable}} 1875 + 1876 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}} 1877 +1. **Strengths of the Study:** 1878 + - Recognizes media’s dual role in shaping intergroup perception. 1879 + - Accurately captures the obsession with racial “coolness” as a social phenomenon. 1880 + 1881 +2. **Limitations of the Study:** 1882 + - Frames White identification with Black culture as inherently progressive, ignoring issues of **anti-White displacement**. 1883 + - Treats *positive stereotypes of minorities* (e.g., athleticism, musicality) as meaningful substitutes for structural reality. 1884 + - Lacks any meaningful inquiry into *reverse cultural voyeurism* (i.e., non-Whites voyeuristically consuming and appropriating White identity or values). 1885 + 1886 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:** 1887 + - Should confront whether “cultural voyeurism” ultimately erodes group boundaries and majority cultural integrity. 1888 + - Needs empirical validation of claims. 1889 + - Avoids uncomfortable realities about how White identity is increasingly stigmatized in media — which undermines genuine empathy or parity. 1890 +{{/expandable}} 1891 + 1892 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}} 1893 +- Helps explain how **media conditioning** primes young Whites to *admire, emulate, and eventually submit* to Black cultural dominance. 1894 +- Directly supports the narrative that **pro-White identity is systematically delegitimized**, while pro-Black identity is commodified and glamorized — then sold back to White youth. 1895 +- Useful in chapters/sections covering cultural appropriation *in reverse* — not by Whites, but **of Whiteness** by outsiders for critique and exploitation. 1896 +{{/expandable}} 1897 + 1898 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}} 1899 +1. Are there longitudinal studies showing cultural voyeurism weakening in-group preference among Whites? 1900 +2. Does this phenomenon correspond to decreased fertility, civic participation, or political alignment with group interest? 1901 +3. How do non-Western societies handle voyeuristic consumption of majority culture — do they permit or punish it? 1902 +{{/expandable}} 1903 + 1904 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}} 1905 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:Cultural Voyeurism A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Intera.pdf]] 1906 +{{/expandable}} 1907 +{{/expandable}} 1908 +
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Banas et al. - 2020 - Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice.pdf
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