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Changes for page Research at a Glance

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... ... @@ -647,6 +647,287 @@
647 647  
648 648  = Dating =
649 649  
650 +{{expandable summary="Study: Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace – Treatment of Multiracial Daters in an Online Dating Website"}}
651 +**Source:** *Social Forces*
652 +**Date of Publication:** *2016*
653 +**Author(s):** *Stephanie M. Curington, Kevin K. Anderson, and Jennifer Glass*
654 +**Title:** *"Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace: Treatment of Multiracial Daters in an Online Dating Website"*
655 +**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow007](https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow007)
656 +**Subject Matter:** *Race and Dating, Multiracial Identity, Online Behavior*
657 +
658 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
659 +1. **General Observations:**
660 + - Data drawn from **over 1 million messaging records** from an online dating site.
661 + - Focused on how **monoracial users** (especially Whites) interact with **multiracial daters**.
662 +
663 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
664 + - **Multiracial Black/White and Asian/White women** received **fewer responses from White men** than their monoracial counterparts.
665 + - White daters showed **stronger preferences for monoracial identities**, particularly **own-race pairings**.
666 +
667 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
668 + - **Multiracial men** fared worse than multiracial women across most pairings.
669 + - **Latina/White and Asian/White multiracial women** were **more positively received by Black and Hispanic men**.
670 +{{/expandable}}
671 +
672 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
673 +1. **Primary Observations:**
674 + - White users demonstrated a clear pattern of **in-group preference**, preferring other White users (monoracial or partially White) over more ambiguous multiracial identities.
675 + - Authors suggest this reflects **"boundary-maintaining behavior"** and **"latent racial bias"**.
676 +
677 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
678 + - **Multiracial women with partial minority backgrounds** were more acceptable to non-White men than White men.
679 + - Multiracial daters were **often treated as ambiguous or “less desirable”** in ways the authors frame as **resistance to racial integration**.
680 +
681 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
682 + - The most rejected group? **Black/White multiracial men**, especially by **White women**, which the authors do not frame as bias in the same way.
683 + - The study shows **asymmetrical concern** — when Whites select inwardly, it's seen as racial boundary policing; when minorities do it, it's not pathologized.
684 +{{/expandable}}
685 +
686 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
687 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
688 + - Large, real-world dataset gives useful behavioral insight into **racial preferences in dating**.
689 + - Raises legitimate questions about **how race, desire, and group identity intersect**.
690 +
691 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
692 + - Frames **normal in-group preference among Whites as "resistance to multiraciality"**, rather than neutral human patterning.
693 + - Ignores **similar or stronger in-group preference among Black and Asian users**, which could indicate *universal patterns*, not White exceptionalism.
694 + - Uses CRT framing to subtly **morally indict Whites for preferring Whites**, while exempting other groups.
695 +
696 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
697 + - Treat all in-group preference equally across racial groups — not just when Whites do it.
698 + - Disaggregate by age, education, and regional variation to control for confounds.
699 + - Consider whether **multiracial identity is ambiguous** by nature and if that ambiguity reduces clarity of signals in dating.
700 +{{/expandable}}
701 +
702 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
703 +- Provides a data point in the **ongoing academic effort to pathologize White selectiveness**, even in private, personal domains like dating.
704 +- Demonstrates how **racial preferences are only considered “problematic” when they preserve White group boundaries**.
705 +- Supports analysis of **how DEI-aligned narratives seek to dissolve in-group loyalty under the guise of openness and inclusion**.
706 +{{/expandable}}
707 +
708 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
709 +1. Investigate how **media and dating platforms reinforce multiracialism as normative** despite evidence of natural in-group selection.
710 +2. Study the **psychological effects of being told your preferences are morally wrong if you're White**.
711 +3. Explore how **multiracial identities are strategically framed** depending on political or cultural goals — exoticization, integration, or guilt projection.
712 +{{/expandable}}
713 +
714 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
715 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:Curington et al. - Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace Treatment of Multiracial Daters in an Online Dating Websit.pdf]]
716 +{{/expandable}}
717 +{{/expandable}}
718 +
719 +
720 +{{expandable summary="Study: The White Man’s Burden: Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity"}}
721 +**Source:** *Porn Studies*
722 +**Date of Publication:** *2015*
723 +**Author(s):** *Noah Tsika*
724 +**Title:** *"The White Man’s Burden: Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity"*
725 +**DOI:** [10.1080/23268743.2015.1025389](https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2015.1025389)
726 +**Subject Matter:** *Pornography Studies, Race and Sexuality, Cultural Critique*
727 +
728 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
729 +1. **General Observations:**
730 + - This is a **qualitative content analysis** of gonzo pornography, particularly interracial porn involving Black men and White women.
731 + - The author reviews **select films, not a dataset**, using them to extrapolate broad cultural claims about race and sexuality.
732 +
733 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
734 + - Claims that **interracial porn “others” and dehumanizes Black men**, yet selectively **frames Black male sexual aggression as liberatory**.
735 + - The author accuses White male consumers of **fetishizing Black men** as both threats and tools for their own “colonial guilt.”
736 +
737 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
738 + - No empirical evidence, just interpretive readings of scenes and film dialogue.
739 + - Repeatedly criticizes **White directors and actors** as complicit in perpetuating “White supremacy through porn.”
740 +{{/expandable}}
741 +
742 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
743 +1. **Primary Observations:**
744 + - Argues that **gonzo interracial porn functions as racial propaganda**, reinforcing White guilt while commodifying Black masculinity.
745 + - Portrays White women as willing participants in a fantasy of racial domination that allegedly “liberates” Black men.
746 +
747 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
748 + - White male viewers are pathologized as both sexually repressed and voyeuristically complicit in anti-Black racism.
749 + - Black male performers are framed as both victims of racial commodification and **agents of resistance through hypersexuality**.
750 +
751 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
752 + - Cites scenes where Black male actors degrade or dominate White women as **“transgressive acts” that destabilize White power**, rather than examples of racial hostility or objectification.
753 + - The narrative treats **racially charged sexual violence as deconstructive**, only when it reverses traditional racial dynamics.
754 +{{/expandable}}
755 +
756 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
757 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
758 + - Useful in showcasing how **critical race theory invades even the most apolitical domains** (porn consumption) and turns them into race war battlegrounds.
759 + - Offers insight into how **White heterosexuality is recoded as colonialism** in activist academia.
760 +
761 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
762 + - **No statistical basis**, relies entirely on biased interpretive analysis of fringe media.
763 + - Presumes **intent and audience motivation** without surveys, viewership data, or cross-cultural comparison.
764 + - Treats Black aggression as empowering and White sexuality as inherently oppressive — a double standard.
765 +
766 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
767 + - Include comparative data on how different racial groups are portrayed in pornography across genres.
768 + - Analyze how **minority-run porn studios frame interracial themes** — not just White-directed media.
769 + - Address how racial fetishization **harms all groups**, not just Black men.
770 +{{/expandable}}
771 +
772 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
773 +- Exemplifies how **racialized sexual narratives are reinterpreted to indict White identity**, even in consumer entertainment.
774 +- Shows how **DEI and CRT frameworks are applied to pornographic material** to pathologize White maleness while sanctifying non-White hypermasculinity.
775 +- Highlights the **academic bias that treats transgressive content as empowering when it serves anti-White narratives**.
776 +{{/expandable}}
777 +
778 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
779 +1. Study how **interracial porn narratives differ when produced by non-White vs. White directors**.
780 +2. Examine **how racial power is portrayed in same-sex vs. heterosexual interracial porn**.
781 +3. Investigate whether the **fetishization of Black masculinity fuels unrealistic expectations and destructive stereotypes** for both Black and White men.
782 +{{/expandable}}
783 +
784 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
785 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:Dinest - The White Man's Burden Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity.pdf]]
786 +{{/expandable}}
787 +{{/expandable}}
788 +
789 +
790 +{{expandable summary="Study: Gendered Racial Exclusion Among White Internet Daters"}}
791 +**Source:** *Social Science Research*
792 +**Date of Publication:** *2009*
793 +**Author(s):** *Cynthia Feliciano, Belinda Robnett, Golnaz Komaie*
794 +**Title:** *"Gendered Racial Exclusion Among White Internet Daters"*
795 +**DOI:** [10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.004)
796 +**Subject Matter:** *Online Dating, Racial Preferences, CRT Framing of White Intimacy*
797 +
798 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
799 +1. **General Observations:**
800 + - Based on data from **Love@aol.com**, analyzing **over 6,000 profiles** from California.
801 + - The study investigated **racial preferences listed explicitly** in dating profiles.
802 +
803 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
804 + - **White women were least likely to express openness to interracial dating**, particularly with Black and Asian men.
805 + - **White men also showed exclusion**, but were more open than White women.
806 +
807 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
808 + - The authors labeled preference for one’s own race as **“racial exclusion”**.
809 + - Profiles by non-White users expressing same-race preferences were **not similarly problematized**.
810 +{{/expandable}}
811 +
812 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
813 +1. **Primary Observations:**
814 + - **White in-group preference was framed as discriminatory**, regardless of intent or context.
815 + - Dating preferences were interpreted as a **“reinforcement of racial hierarchies”**.
816 +
817 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
818 + - The study suggested **White women’s selectivity** stemmed from **cultural and structural advantages**, implying racial gatekeeping.
819 + - Did not critically examine **non-White preferences** for their own race.
820 +
821 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
822 + - Highlighted that **Latina and Asian women were more open to White men** than to men of their own ethnicity, which was not treated as exclusionary.
823 + - **No racial preference was criticized except when it protected White boundaries.**
824 +{{/expandable}}
825 +
826 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
827 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
828 + - Large dataset from real-world dating profiles.
829 + - Provides rare insight into **gendered patterns of racial preference**.
830 +
831 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
832 + - **Frames personal preference as political discrimination** when expressed by White users.
833 + - **Fails to control for cultural compatibility, attraction patterns, or religious values.**
834 + - **Double standard** in analysis — **non-White selectivity is ignored or justified.**
835 +
836 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
837 + - Should distinguish **racial animus from in-group preference**.
838 + - Include **psychological, aesthetic, and cultural compatibility data**.
839 + - Apply **equal critical lens to all racial groups**, not just Whites.
840 +{{/expandable}}
841 +
842 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
843 +- Reinforces how CRT-aligned research pathologizes **White in-group dating preferences**.
844 +- Supports the claim that **White intimacy boundaries are uniquely scrutinized** and politicized.
845 +- Demonstrates how even non-political behavior (e.g., dating) is racialized when it involves Whites.
846 +{{/expandable}}
847 +
848 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
849 +1. Study how **dating preferences vary by upbringing, media influence, and culture**, not just race.
850 +2. Analyze **racial preferences across all groups** with equal rigor and skepticism.
851 +3. Examine the **mental health impact of stigmatizing in-group preference** among Whites.
852 +{{/expandable}}
853 +
854 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
855 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1016_j.ssresearch.2009.04.004.pdf]]
856 +{{/expandable}}
857 +{{/expandable}}
858 +
859 +
860 +{{expandable summary="Study: Black Penis and the Demoralization of the Western World"}}
861 +**Source:** *Journal of European Psychoanalysis*
862 +**Date of Publication:** *2009*
863 +**Author(s):** *Kristen Fink* *Jewish*))
864 +**Title:** *"Black Penis and the Demoralization of the Western World: Sexual relationships between black men and white women as a cause of decline"*
865 +**DOI:** *Unavailable – Psychoanalytic essay publication*
866 +**Subject Matter:** *Race and Sexuality, Psychoanalysis, Cultural Demoralization*
867 +
868 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
869 +1. **General Observations:**
870 + - This is a **psychoanalytic essay**, not an empirical study.
871 + - Uses **Freudian and Lacanian theory** to explore symbolic meanings of interracial sex.
872 + - Frames **Black male–White female pairings** as psychologically disruptive to the White male ego and Western civilization.
873 +
874 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
875 + - Positions **Black men as symbolic rivals** to emasculated Western (White) men.
876 + - **White women’s interracial attraction** is framed as rebellion or rejection of Western order.
877 +
878 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
879 + - The essay proposes that **sexual representation in media** is demoralizing to White culture.
880 + - Uses **high theory language** to justify what is ultimately an anti-White cultural narrative.
881 +{{/expandable}}
882 +
883 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
884 +1. **Primary Observations:**
885 + - **Interracial sexual dynamics** are framed as central to **Western decline**.
886 + - **White masculinity is portrayed as passive, obsolete, or neurotic** in contrast to hypermasculinized Blackness.
887 +
888 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
889 + - Suggests White men internalize emasculation through exposure to interracial symbolism.
890 + - Sees **cultural loss of confidence** in White society as stemming from racial-sexual symbolism.
891 +
892 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
893 + - Analyzes media tropes (e.g., interracial porn, pop culture) through the lens of psychoanalytic guilt and transgression.
894 + - Never critiques the **ideological project of glorifying Blackness at the expense of White identity**.
895 +{{/expandable}}
896 +
897 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
898 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
899 + - Reveals how **elite academic disciplines like psychoanalysis** are used to mask anti-White narratives in esoteric jargon.
900 + - Serves as **ideological evidence** of demoralization tactics embedded in cultural theory.
901 +
902 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
903 + - No empirical data, surveys, or statistical analysis — purely speculative.
904 + - **Does not critique hypersexualization of Black men** or the dehumanizing aspects of the fetish.
905 + - Assumes **White masculinity must passively accept its symbolic erasure** as psychoanalytically “natural.”
906 +
907 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
908 + - Include **perspectives from White men and women** on how these portrayals affect their psychological well-being.
909 + - Disentangle psychoanalytic theory from **racial guilt ideology**.
910 + - Explore **mutual respect-based frameworks** for interracial dynamics rather than ones rooted in humiliation or power symbolism.
911 +{{/expandable}}
912 +
913 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
914 +- Illustrates how **race, sex, and culture are manipulated to undermine White self-perception**.
915 +- Demonstrates how **academic elites frame White decline as psychologically necessary or deserved**.
916 +- Provides ideological background for modern media trends that eroticize racial power imbalance.
917 +{{/expandable}}
918 +
919 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
920 +1. Analyze how psychoanalytic language is used to **justify racial inversion in cultural dominance**.
921 +2. Examine the **role of pornography in demoralization campaigns** targeting White men.
922 +3. Explore how elite journals create **ideological cover for overt anti-White sentiment**.
923 +{{/expandable}}
924 +
925 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
926 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.Fink_Black_Penis_Demoralization.pdf]]
927 +{{/expandable}}
928 +{{/expandable}}
929 +
930 +
650 650  {{expandable summary="Study: Trends in Frequency of Sexual Activity and Number of Sexual Partners Among Adults Aged 18 to 44 Years in the US, 2000-2018"}}
651 651  **Source:** *JAMA Network Open*
652 652  **Date of Publication:** *2020*
... ... @@ -1122,6 +1122,76 @@
1122 1122  
1123 1123  = Whiteness & White Guilt =
1124 1124  
1406 +{{expandable summary="Study: Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions"}}
1407 +**Source:** *Psychological Science*
1408 +**Date of Publication:** *2014*
1409 +**Author(s):** *Caleb E. Lai, Anthony G. Greenwald, et al.*
1410 +**Title:** *"Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions"*
1411 +**DOI:** [10.1177/0956797614535812](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614535812)
1412 +**Subject Matter:** *Implicit Bias, Racial Psychology, Psychological Conditioning*
1413 +
1414 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
1415 +1. **General Observations:**
1416 + - Tested **17 different interventions** across **6,321 participants**, all measured via IAT (Implicit Association Test).
1417 + - Focused exclusively on reducing **pro-White, anti-Black preferences** — no reciprocal testing on anti-White bias.
1418 +
1419 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
1420 + - Educational and exposure-based interventions (e.g., multiculturalism, egalitarian messaging) failed to reduce bias significantly.
1421 + - Most effective short-term results came from **trauma-based or emotionally coercive interventions**.
1422 +
1423 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
1424 + - The **"Black hero" intervention**, where participants imagined being violently attacked by a White man and rescued by a Black man, was among the most effective.
1425 + - Effects of even the most extreme interventions **dissipated within 24–72 hours**, with no long-term behavioral change.
1426 +{{/expandable}}
1427 +
1428 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
1429 +1. **Primary Observations:**
1430 + - The interventions that produced the most dramatic IAT changes used **emotionally graphic narratives** depicting Whites as violent aggressors and Blacks as saviors.
1431 + - Merely showing positive Black images or promoting egalitarian values had minimal effect on implicit associations.
1432 +
1433 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
1434 + - In the **"Black hero" condition**, participants were asked to imagine being physically beaten by a White person and then rescued by a Black person — an intentionally vivid and disturbing scenario.
1435 + - The **"Black victim" intervention** relied on emotionally shocking imagery of anti-Black violence (e.g., lynching) to induce guilt and disrupt positive associations with Whiteness.
1436 +
1437 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
1438 + - None of the scenarios reversed the framing (e.g., Black aggressor/White victim), confirming the ideological goal was **to degrade White identity**, not merely reduce bias.
1439 + - The study was **cited by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)** to justify DEI-aligned policy recommendations.
1440 +{{/expandable}}
1441 +
1442 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
1443 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
1444 + - Large sample size and systematic comparison across diverse intervention types.
1445 + - Clearly shows that **implicit preference is resilient** and not easily changed by education or exposure alone.
1446 +
1447 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
1448 + - The most “effective” methods **relied on emotional manipulation, not persuasion or evidence**.
1449 + - Assumes **natural in-group preference is pathological** when expressed by White subjects but makes no effort to test other groups.
1450 + - **Zero attention to pro-Black or anti-White bias** — only White attitudes are pathologized.
1451 +
1452 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
1453 + - Test the **psychological harm** and ethical implications of using graphic racial trauma to coerce attitude change.
1454 + - Include interventions that **strengthen ingroup empathy** without demonizing other groups.
1455 + - Disaggregate bias by **class, region, and individual experience**, rather than racially reducing all bias to “Whiteness.”
1456 +{{/expandable}}
1457 +
1458 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
1459 +- Provides direct evidence that **DEI-style implicit bias training** is based on emotionally abusive and **anti-White psychological framing**.
1460 +- Shows how **social science selectively targets Whites for attitude correction**, often using fictionalized racial trauma scenarios.
1461 +- Demonstrates that even extreme interventions **fail to achieve long-term change**, undermining the scientific justification for such policies.
1462 +{{/expandable}}
1463 +
1464 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
1465 +1. Investigate **implicit bias training outcomes** in real-world institutional settings.
1466 +2. Study **the ethical limits of psychological reprogramming** in DEI policies.
1467 +3. Explore **natural ingroup preference across all races** using morally neutral frameworks.
1468 +{{/expandable}}
1469 +
1470 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
1471 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:lai2014.pdf]]
1472 +{{/expandable}}
1473 +{{/expandable}}
1474 +
1475 +
1125 1125  {{expandable summary="Study: Segregation, Innocence, and Protection: The Institutional Conditions That Maintain Whiteness in College Sports"}}
1126 1126  **Source:** *Journal of Diversity in Higher Education*
1127 1127  **Date of Publication:** *2019*
... ... @@ -1700,3 +1700,139 @@
1700 1700  [[Download Full Study>>attach:10.2501_JAR-2022-028.pdf]]
1701 1701  {{/expandable}}
1702 1702  {{/expandable}}
2054 +
2055 +{{expandable summary="Study: Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice"}}
2056 +**Source:** *Journal of Communication*
2057 +**Date of Publication:** *2020*
2058 +**Author(s):** *John A. Banas, Lauren L. Miller, David A. Braddock, Sun Kyong Lee*
2059 +**Title:** *"Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice"*
2060 +**DOI:** [10.1093/joc/jqz032](https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz032)
2061 +**Subject Matter:** *Media Psychology, Prejudice Reduction, Intergroup Relations*
2062 +
2063 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
2064 +1. **General Observations:**
2065 + - Aggregated **71 studies involving 27,000+ participants**.
2066 + - Focused on how **media portrayals of out-groups (primarily minorities)** affect attitudes among dominant in-groups (i.e., Whites).
2067 +
2068 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
2069 + - **Fictional entertainment** had stronger effects than news.
2070 + - **Positive portrayals of minorities** correlated with significant reductions in “prejudice”.
2071 +
2072 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
2073 + - Effects were stronger when minority characters were portrayed as **warm, competent, and morally relatable**.
2074 + - Contact was more effective when it mimicked **face-to-face friendship narratives**.
2075 +{{/expandable}}
2076 +
2077 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
2078 +1. **Primary Observations:**
2079 + - Media is a **powerful tool for shaping racial attitudes**, capable of reducing “prejudice” without real-world contact.
2080 + - **Repeated exposure** to positive portrayals of minorities led to increased acceptance and reduced negative bias.
2081 +
2082 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
2083 + - **White participants** were the primary targets of reconditioning.
2084 + - Minority participants were not studied in terms of **prejudice against Whites**.
2085 +
2086 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
2087 + - “Parasocial” relationships with minority characters (TV/movie exposure) had comparable psychological effects to actual friendships.
2088 + - Media framing functioned as a **top-down mechanism for social engineering**, not just passive reflection of society.
2089 +{{/expandable}}
2090 +
2091 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
2092 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
2093 + - High-quality quantitative meta-analysis with clear design and robust statistical handling.
2094 + - Acknowledges **media’s ability to alter long-held social beliefs** without physical contact.
2095 +
2096 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
2097 + - Only defines “prejudice” as **negative attitudes from Whites toward minorities** — no exploration of anti-White media narratives or bias.
2098 + - Ignores the effects of **overexposure to minority portrayals** on cultural alienation or backlash.
2099 + - Assumes **assimilation into DEI norms is inherently positive**, and any reluctance to accept them is “prejudice”.
2100 +
2101 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
2102 + - Study reciprocal dynamics — how **minority media portrayals impact attitudes toward Whites**.
2103 + - Investigate whether constant valorization of minorities leads to **resentment, guilt, or political disengagement** among White viewers.
2104 + - Analyze **media saturation effects**, especially in multicultural propaganda and corporate DEI messaging.
2105 +{{/expandable}}
2106 +
2107 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
2108 +- Provides **direct evidence** that media is being used to **reshape racial attitudes** through emotional, parasocial contact.
2109 +- Reinforces concern that **“tolerance” is engineered via asymmetric emotional exposure**, not organic consensus.
2110 +- Useful for documenting how **Whiteness is often treated as a bias to be corrected**, not a culture to be respected.
2111 +{{/expandable}}
2112 +
2113 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
2114 +1. Investigate **reverse parasocial effects** — how negative portrayals of White men affect self-perception and mental health.
2115 +2. Study how **mass entertainment normalizes demographic shifts** and silences native concerns.
2116 +3. Compare effects of **Western vs. non-Western media systems** in promoting diversity narratives.
2117 +{{/expandable}}
2118 +
2119 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
2120 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:Banas et al. - 2020 - Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice.pdf]]
2121 +{{/expandable}}
2122 +{{/expandable}}
2123 +
2124 +
2125 +{{expandable summary="Study: Cultural Voyeurism – A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Interaction"}}
2126 +**Source:** *Journal of Communication*
2127 +**Date of Publication:** *2018*
2128 +**Author(s):** *Osei Appiah*
2129 +**Title:** *"Cultural Voyeurism: A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Interaction"*
2130 +**DOI:** [https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021](https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021)
2131 +**Subject Matter:** *Intergroup contact, racial stereotypes, media, identity formation*
2132 +
2133 +{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
2134 +1. **No empirical dataset** — this is a theoretical framework paper, not a quantitative study.
2135 +2. **Heavily cites prior empirical work**, including:
2136 + - Czopp & Monteith (2006) on “complimentary stereotypes”
2137 + - Armstrong et al. (1992), Entman & Rojecki (2000) on media distortion of race
2138 + - Pettigrew et al. (2011) on intergroup contact
2139 +
2140 +3. **Statistical implications:** Repeatedly emphasizes the role of media in shaping racial beliefs when direct interracial contact is absent.
2141 +{{/expandable}}
2142 +
2143 +{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
2144 +1. **Primary Observations:**
2145 + - Defines *cultural voyeurism* as the process of using media to observe and learn about other racial/ethnic groups.
2146 + - Claims it can both reinforce stereotypes and reduce prejudice depending on context.
2147 + - Suggests that Whites’ fascination with Black culture (e.g., hip-hop, athleticism) is a driver of empathy and improved race relations.
2148 +
2149 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
2150 + - White youth are singled out as cultural voyeurs increasingly emulating Black identity for social cachet (“coolness”).
2151 + - Positive media portrayals of Blacks (e.g., in entertainment) said to reduce racial bias.
2152 +
2153 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
2154 + - No case study provided, but mentions “Duck Dynasty” and “hip-hop culture” as stereotyped White/Black identity constructs respectively.
2155 +{{/expandable}}
2156 +
2157 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
2158 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
2159 + - Recognizes media’s dual role in shaping intergroup perception.
2160 + - Accurately captures the obsession with racial “coolness” as a social phenomenon.
2161 +
2162 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
2163 + - Frames White identification with Black culture as inherently progressive, ignoring issues of **anti-White displacement**.
2164 + - Treats *positive stereotypes of minorities* (e.g., athleticism, musicality) as meaningful substitutes for structural reality.
2165 + - Lacks any meaningful inquiry into *reverse cultural voyeurism* (i.e., non-Whites voyeuristically consuming and appropriating White identity or values).
2166 +
2167 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
2168 + - Should confront whether “cultural voyeurism” ultimately erodes group boundaries and majority cultural integrity.
2169 + - Needs empirical validation of claims.
2170 + - Avoids uncomfortable realities about how White identity is increasingly stigmatized in media — which undermines genuine empathy or parity.
2171 +{{/expandable}}
2172 +
2173 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
2174 +- Helps explain how **media conditioning** primes young Whites to *admire, emulate, and eventually submit* to Black cultural dominance.
2175 +- Directly supports the narrative that **pro-White identity is systematically delegitimized**, while pro-Black identity is commodified and glamorized — then sold back to White youth.
2176 +- Useful in chapters/sections covering cultural appropriation *in reverse* — not by Whites, but **of Whiteness** by outsiders for critique and exploitation.
2177 +{{/expandable}}
2178 +
2179 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
2180 +1. Are there longitudinal studies showing cultural voyeurism weakening in-group preference among Whites?
2181 +2. Does this phenomenon correspond to decreased fertility, civic participation, or political alignment with group interest?
2182 +3. How do non-Western societies handle voyeuristic consumption of majority culture — do they permit or punish it?
2183 +{{/expandable}}
2184 +
2185 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
2186 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:Cultural Voyeurism A New Framework for Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Mediated Intergroup Intera.pdf]]
2187 +{{/expandable}}
2188 +{{/expandable}}
2189 +
Banas et al. - 2020 - Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice.pdf
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