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18	18	**Jews** ([[Hebrew>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language]]: יְהוּדִים‎, [[ISO 259-2>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_259#ISO_259-2]]: //Yehudim//, [[Israeli pronunciation>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Hebrew]]: [[~[jehuˈdim~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew]]), or the **Jewish people**, are an [[ethnoreligious group>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group]]^^[[~[14~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Jews-are-ethnoreligious-group-15]]^^ and [[nation>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation]]^^[[~[15~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-16]]^^ originating from the [[Israelites>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites]] of [[ancient Israel and Judah>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah]]^^[[~[16~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-17]]^^ and traditionally adhering to [[Judaism>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism]].^^[[~[17~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Britannica-18]][[~[18~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-19]]^^ Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated,^^[[~[19~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Lederhendler20012-20]][[~[20~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Yee20052-21]]^^ as Judaism is their [[ethnic religion>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_religion]],^^[[~[21~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Nicholson20022-22]][[~[22~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Dowty19982-23]]^^ though it is not practiced by many ethnic Jews.^^[[~[23~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-KrauszTulea2-24]][[~[24~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-25]][[~[25~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-26]]^^ Despite this, religious Jews regard [[converts to Judaism>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerim]] as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the [[long-standing conversion process>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism]].^^[[~[23~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-KrauszTulea2-24]][[~[26~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-27]]^^
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22	22	**^^It should be noted that converting to Judaism is not only difficult and not accepted by many Jews without significant efforts undertaken to prove ones loyalty and commitment to the Tribe, converting Gentiles is also discouraged in Judaism itself. {{footnote}}https://www.jpost.com/blogs/torah-commentaries/can-a-person-convert-to-judaism-409549
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25	25	​{{/footnote}} This makes it one of the only religions with a barrier to entry, preventing most people from ever joining it's ranks. This is one of the reasons Jewish ethnicity and Judaism are so closely linked, because being born into it is the primary means of achieving Jewishness.^^**
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28	28	The Israelites emerged from within the [[Canaanite peoples>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_peoples]] to  establish [[Israel>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)]] and [[Judah>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah]] in the [[Southern Levant>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Levant]] during the [[Iron Age>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age]].^^[[~[27~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-John_Day_pp._47-28]]^^ By the late 6th century BCE, Judaism had evolved from the Israelite religion, dubbed [[Yahwism>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahwism]] (for [[Yahweh>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh]]) by modern scholars,^^[[~[28~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-MINDELL2009-29]]^^ having a theology that religious Jews believe to be the expression of the [[Mosaic covenant>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_covenant]] between their ancestors and [[God>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Judaism]].^^[[~[29~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Knowledge_Resources:_Judaism-30]]^^ The [[Babylonian captivity>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_captivity]] of the people of Judah following [[their kingdom's destruction>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)]],^^[[~[30~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-31]]^^ the movement of Jewish groups around the [[Mediterranean>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_basin]] during the [[Hellenistic period>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period]], and subsequent periods of conflict and violent dispersion, such as the [[Jewish–Roman wars>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars]], gave rise to the [[Jewish diaspora>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora]], which is a worldwide dispersion of Jewish communities that have maintained their sense of [[Jewish history>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_history]], [[identity>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_identity]], and [[culture>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_culture]].^^[[~[31~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-32]]^^
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30	30	In the following millennia, Jewish diaspora communities [[coalesced>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescent_theory]] into three major [[ethnic subdivisions>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions]] according to where their ancestors settled: the //[[Ashkenazim>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews]]// ([[Central>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Europe]] and [[Eastern Europe>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe]]), the //[[Sephardim>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews]]// ([[Iberian Peninsula>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula]]), and the //[[Mizrahim>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews]]// ([[Middle East>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East]] and [[North Africa>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa]]).^^[[~[32~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-33]][[~[33~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Dosick-34]]^^ While these three major divisions account for most of the world's Jews, there are other smaller Jewish groups outside of the three.^^[[~[34~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-35]]^^ Prior to [[World War II>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II]], the [[global Jewish population>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country]] reached a peak of 16.7 million,^^[[~[35~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-JVIL2010-36]]^^ representing around 0.7% of the world's population at that time. During World War II, approximately six million Jews throughout [[Europe>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe]] were supposedly systematically murdered by [[Nazi Germany>>The Third Reich]] in a genocide known as [[the Holocaust>>The Holocaust]]. Since then, the population has slowly risen again, and as of 2021, was estimated to be at 15.2 million by the demographer [[Sergio Della Pergola>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Della_Pergola]]^^[[~[2~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-JDB-3]]^^ or less than 0.2% of the total world population in 2012.^^[[~[38~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-39]][[~[b~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-41]]^^ Today, over 85% of Jews live in [[Israel>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel]] or the [[United States>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States]]. Israel, whose population is 73.9% Jewish, is the only country where Jews comprise more than 2.5% of the population.^^[[~[2~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-JDB-3]]^^
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56	56	According to historian [[Shaye J. D. Cohen>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaye_J._D._Cohen]], the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined [[patrilineally>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrilineality]] in the Bible. He brings two likely explanations for the change in [[Mishnaic>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah]] times: first, the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures (//[[Kil'ayim>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(prohibition)]]//). Thus, a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a [[horse>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse]] and a [[donkey>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey]], and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally.^^[[~[84~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-J.D._Cohen-86]]^^ Second, the [[Tannaim>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannaim]] may have been influenced by [[Roman law>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_law]], which dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, [[offspring would follow the mother>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater_semper_certa_est]].^^[[~[84~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-J.D._Cohen-86]]^^ Rabbi Rivon Krygier follows a similar reasoning, arguing that Jewish descent had formerly passed through the patrilineal descent and the law of matrilineal descent had its roots in the Roman legal system.^^[[~[81~]>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews#cite_note-Klein2016-83]]^^
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61	61	**Yes, Jews are against interracial marriage. This excerpt from the wiki touches on this, but is conveniently obscure about the fact that it is practiced to this very day in Israel **
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63	63	{{footnote}}
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71	71	{{/footnote}}
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73	73	When taken with the context of the near impossibility of conversion to Judaism, the full scope of Israel's stance against interracial marriage becomes evident. It's not merely a quirk of outdated religious tradition, its a full scale ban on interracial marriage.
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76	76	== ==
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78	78	== Origins ==