The latest studies and statistics on interracial relationships

Focusing on:
- Online dating and hookups
- Marriage
- Cohabitation
- Birth data and trends
- Relationship outcomes  
From 2014 to 2024

The earliest data from OkCupid

White women are the most racially exclusive.  
Despite liberals outnumbering cons over 2 to 1, and their preference taboo.  
Exclusivity increased in 2014, despite an altered matching algorithm.  
Asian women desired Black men more than White women.

¹

OkCupid Matching Scores

'QuickMatch score' predicts compatibility based on profile information, rather than visual attraction.  
'Let's Meet score' predicts the willingness to engage in real-world meeting based on visual attraction (rating).  
[More info](http://shorturl.at/2zNvc)

European Online Dating Study (2015)

Individuals uniformly prefer to date same-race partners, and there is a hierarchy of preferences among natives and minorities.  
Non-Arabic minority daters have strong preferences for Europeans.

Crossracial Differences in Preferences (2016)

African-Americans are the least desired dating partners.  
The percentage of European-Americans willing to date African-Americans is significantly lower than the percentage willing to date Hispanic and Asian-Americans.

Assortative Mating and Online Dating (2017, Germany)

Online dating reduces endogamy compared to other forms of meeting partners, but mainly educational and religious endogamy.  
Racial endogamy is twice as prevalent as the former two.

Tinder Usage and Interracial Dating (2020, Netherlands)

Using 24 fake Tinder profiles featuring White and non-White people (minorities in the Netherlands: Turkish, Moroccan, etc).  
12 White, 12 non-White.  
All respondents found White-looking profiles more attractive.

Study limitations: Asking respondents to indicate ethnic similarity could have primed them to the purpose of the study, and led to increased social desirability in their answers.  
Conclusion: All respondents ranked Caucasian-looking Tinder users as more attractive and dateable.

Modeling Dating Decisions (2021)

"Attractiveness and race were nearly double the influence of other things...  
While attractiveness played a major role in the participants' decisions to swipe left or right, race was a leading factor."

Conclusion:  
"When the targets were Black, Asian, or Hispanic, they were less likely to be swiped right on. Among the largest effect sizes was a lower likelihood of swiping right if the target was Black.  
Negative stereotypes may impact their [perceived] attractiveness."

Assortative Online Dating (2022, Netherlands)

Respondents with a Dutch ancestry were more likely to select a White person.  
Both Dutch and non-Dutch ancestry preferred White targets.  
Race was the most important factor in partner choice.

A dating app experiment with 500 young adults:  
Visual cues to race determine selection, while related cultural signaling appears irrelevant.

Romance & Racism (2022)

White women particularly had strong same-race preferences.  
Latinas liked White men over Black and Asian, but not Latinos.  
Asian women preferred Asian over Black, but not White men.  
Black women did not show a preference for any race.

White women and Latinas were more willing to date White men than Asian and Black men.  
Asian and Black men were equally disliked.  
Asian women preferred White and Asian men. (They were more willing to date Black men than White women were.)  
Black women had no racial preference.

Tinder and Russian Generation Z (2022)

Dateability is heavily influenced by racial preferences.  
Almost everyone stated that they would never swipe right on someone of a different race.

Theorized cause: "Sexual racism" from Russian media.  
Russian children don't see Black people growing up, so they absorb pictures of Blacks from Russian pop culture. This shows them with low social capital, thus zoomers hesitate.

Racial Preferences in Dating Apps (2023, Aldana et al)

In a mock tinder app with 2,513 participants:  
All of the female participants who initiated a conversation in the heterosexual condition with the Black male profile were trans women, according to their bios.

Thousands of people saw these profiles.  
White profiles had more likes in every situation.  
Conclusion: Homogamous preferences, and rooted problems like sexual racism, can lead users to maintain a racialized sexual hierarchy that privileges Whiteness.

Match's Singles in America (2023)

Gen Z Less Likely To Date Outside of Their Race Than Millennials.  
While Gen Z might be known for their progressive politics, they might not be as progressive when it comes to dating compared with their Millenial elders.

Annual Review of Sociology (2024)

It was speculated that Asian men face more discrimination from White women than Black men do.  
Yet, Black and Asian men outmarry at similar rates.  
White women discriminate against Black and Asian men equally.

Therefore, White men's marriage patterns with Black women are the anomaly, and must be due to anti-Black discrimination.  
White men's anti-Black discrimination may be a more important explanation for observed intermarriage patterns.

Racial Marriage Preferences and Online Dating (2024)

The rise of dating apps hasn't changed racial marriage preferences:  
"Our results indicated strong racial preferences... The paper found minimal changes in these preferences over the 2008-21 period, in which online dating dominated marriage selection."

Conclusion:  
Our findings of minimal changes in preferences over the 2008-21 period is surprising. Given the proliferation of online dating...  
Because people have increasingly been marrying someone more like themselves, that can account for the increase in household inequality.

Marriage

Among currently married women in their 1st marriage in 2016, 10 percent were in an interracial/interethnic marriage.  
10.3% of women  
5.1% of married non-Hispanic White women  
8% of married Black women  
20.6% of Asian women  
22.4% of Hispanic or Latino (any race)

Why is the number (5.1%) so low here?  
Research has shown that interracial couples have higher rates of divorce than other couples, so the percentage of currently married interracial couples shown in the table may be lower than the percentage of interracial couples who married.

What are the trends?  
2000-2016, the total % of interracial married households increased from 7.4% to 10.2%.  
Of this:  
White/Hispanic: 35% to 40% respectively.  
White/Asian: 12.5%-14.4%  
White/Black couples: 7.1%-8.1%.  
Note: this is % of IR households, not all households

Black-White Intermarriage in a Global Perspective (2023)

For the first time, French data includes a proxy for race!  
White females | White males:  
Brazil: 5.4% / 4.1%  
France: 2.0% / 1.4%  
UK: 0.7% / 0.4%  
USA: 2.0% / 0.6%  
SA: 0.5% / 1.0%

"We use the term intermarriage in a generic manner; in our study we examine both married and cohabiting couples.  
A feature of black–white intermarriage in the US is an imbalanced sex ratio; such gender imbalances are not found in any other countries."  
[Full study](https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol49/28/49-28.pdf)

Marital Instability Among Interracial Couples

White wife/Black husband marriages show twice the divorce rate of White wife/White husband couples by the 10th year of marriage.  
The highest divorce rate of any combo, including Black-Black marriages.

From a later study "Marital Dissolution...":  
Black husband-White wife marriages are 185% more likely to end in divorce.  
White Husband-Black wife, 158%  
Hispanic Husband-White wife, 133%  
White Husband-Hispanic wife, 111%  
Both gender combinations with Asians had lower divorce rates

Cohabitation

8% of White adults cohabit, 57% are married.  
Whites are the least likely to cohabit interracially, at 12%.  
Of cohabiting households in 2007-2011, 2.7% were Black-White.  
In 2017-2021, this share increased to 2.8%.  
A 0.1% increase in the last decade.

White men and women have the same cohabitation rates: 7.9% each.  
Cohabitation rates have plateaued over the past decade.  
Only 26% of non-Hispanic White women remain in their cohabitant union for at least 3 years before separation. 8% survive 5 years.

IR Birth Data

From the latest CDC Natality Statistics:  
For White mother births in 2023 (Excluding unknown):  
87.6% of fathers are non-Hispanic White  
5.6% are Hispanic-White  
3.5% are Black (Hisp and non)  
2.1% are 2 or more races (H&N)  
1.2% are Asian (H&N)

For White father births in 2023 (Excluding unknown):  
88% of mothers are non-Hispanic White  
6.2% are Hispanic-White  
2% are Asian (Hisp and non)  
2% are 2 or more races (H&N)  
1.25% are Black (H&N)

Broken down by single moms and dads (Excl Unknown):  
White single mothers, by race of dad:  
Black: 62%  
2 or more races: 46%  
Hispanic-White: 43%  
Asian: 27.3%  
Non-Hispanic White: 23%  
For White single fathers:  
Black: 42%  
Hispanic-White: 39%  
Asian: 27%  
Non-Hispanic White: 23%

Birthrate Trends (2016-2023)

Like in all previous years, the overall number of IR births is down since 2016.  
The increases in percentage (0.1% every 3 years for BM-WW births) isn't due to an increase in their number—rather White-White births have simply declined overall.

Key points from the CDC data:  
IR couples with non-Whites have higher rates of single parenthood in every case, especially with Black partners.  
The birth rate between White women and Asian men is equivalent to White women and Black men, when controlling for population size.

Note: the CDC data does not include "Unknown or unstated," thus there's a gap in the data.  
I'll also be adding relevant racial preference data to this thread for easy reference moving forward.

Positioning Multiraciality in Cyberspace (2015)

A 2015 study wanted to find out where multiracial individuals are positioned in the "racial hierarchies of the dating market."  
For White women:  
White > Asian-White > Hispanic-White > Black-White > Hispanic > Asian > Black

For Asian women: Asian-White > White > Asian  
For Asian men: Asian-White > Asian > White  
For Hispanic women: Hispanic-White > White > Hispanic  
For Hispanic men: Hispanic > White > Hispanic-White  
For Black women: White men > Black-White > Black  
For Black men: Black-White > White > Black

doubt.

See Also

Boochi's Breakdowns

1. ^ 

   https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/pop-psych/201401/what-does-online-dating-tell-us-about-racial-views)