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Last modified by Ryan C on 2025/05/14 17:18

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@@ -264,46 +264,72 @@
  {{example}}
--{{expandable summary="🧠 Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence"}}
--**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
--**Date:** *2019*
--**Authors:** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle*
--**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406)
--**Subject:** *Psychology, Intelligence Research*
++{{expandable summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
++**Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)*
++**Date of Publication:** *2013*
++**Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.*
++**Title:** *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"*
++**DOI:** [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54)
++**Subject Matter:** *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology*
  {{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
--- Survey of **102 intelligence experts**
--- **90% from Western countries**, **83% male**
--- **54% left-liberal**, **24% conservative**
--- **50/50 split** on genetic vs environmental causes of Black-White IQ gap
++1. **General Observations:**
++   - The study documents how the **heritability of IQ increases with age**, reaching an asymptote at **0.80 by adulthood**.
++   - Analysis is based on **longitudinal twin and adoption studies**.
++
++2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
++   - Shared environmental influence on IQ **declines with age**, reaching **0.10 in adulthood**.
++   - Monozygotic twins show **increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time**, while dizygotic twins become **less concordant**.
++
++3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
++   - Data from the **Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples** support findings.
++   - IQ stability over time is **influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors**.
  {{/expandable}}
  {{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
--- Support for **g-factor theory**
--- Agreement on **heritability of intelligence**
--- Political lean: left = environmental, right = genetic causes
++1. **Primary Observations:**
++   - Intelligence heritability **strengthens throughout development**, contrary to early environmental models.
++   - Shared environmental effects **decrease by late adolescence**, emphasizing **genetic influence in adulthood**.
++
++2. **Subgroup Trends:**
++   - Studies from **Scotland, Netherlands, and the US** show **consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age**.
++   - Findings hold across **varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds**.
++
++3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
++   - Longitudinal adoption studies show **declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ** as children age.
++   - Cross-sectional twin data confirm **higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood**.
  {{/expandable}}
--{{expandable summary="📝 Critique"}}
--- Largest expert survey on intelligence
--- **Western-only sample**, possible **self-selection bias**
++{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
++1. **Strengths of the Study:**
++   - **Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades**.
++   - **Clear, replicable trend** demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence.
++
++2. **Limitations of the Study:**
++   - Findings apply primarily to **Western industrialized nations**, limiting generalizability.
++   - **Lack of neurobiological mechanisms** explaining how genes express their influence over time.
++
++3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
++   - Future research should investigate **gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging**.
++   - Examine **heritability trends in non-Western populations** to determine cross-cultural consistency.
  {{/expandable}}
--{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance"}}
--- Shows **ideological divide** in science
--- Highlights **media vs expert disconnect**
++{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
++- Provides **strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence**.
++- Highlights the **diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development**.
++- Supports research on **cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan**.
  {{/expandable}}
--{{expandable summary="🔍 Explore More"}}
--- Global surveys on intelligence beliefs
--- Media analysis follow-up studies
++{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
++1. Investigate **neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development**.
++2. Examine **how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences**.
++3. Study **heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline**.
  {{/expandable}}
--{{expandable summary="📄 Download"}}
--[[Download Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]]
++{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
++[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]]
  {{/expandable}}
  {{/expandable}}
--{{/example}}
  == See Also: ==