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264 264  {{example}}
265 265  
266 266  
267 -{{expandable summary="🧠 Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence"}}
268 -**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
269 -**Date:** *2019*
270 -**Authors:** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle*
271 -**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406)
272 -**Subject:** *Psychology, Intelligence Research*
267 +{{expandable summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
268 +**Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)*
269 +**Date of Publication:** *2013*
270 +**Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.*
271 +**Title:** *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"*
272 +**DOI:** [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54)
273 +**Subject Matter:** *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology*
273 273  
274 274  {{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
275 -- Survey of **102 intelligence experts**
276 -- **90% from Western countries**, **83% male**
277 -- **54% left-liberal**, **24% conservative**
278 -- **50/50 split** on genetic vs environmental causes of Black-White IQ gap
276 +1. **General Observations:**
277 + - The study documents how the **heritability of IQ increases with age**, reaching an asymptote at **0.80 by adulthood**.
278 + - Analysis is based on **longitudinal twin and adoption studies**.
279 +
280 +2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
281 + - Shared environmental influence on IQ **declines with age**, reaching **0.10 in adulthood**.
282 + - Monozygotic twins show **increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time**, while dizygotic twins become **less concordant**.
283 +
284 +3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
285 + - Data from the **Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples** support findings.
286 + - IQ stability over time is **influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors**.
279 279  {{/expandable}}
280 280  
281 281  {{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
282 -- Support for **g-factor theory**
283 -- Agreement on **heritability of intelligence**
284 -- Political lean: left = environmental, right = genetic causes
290 +1. **Primary Observations:**
291 + - Intelligence heritability **strengthens throughout development**, contrary to early environmental models.
292 + - Shared environmental effects **decrease by late adolescence**, emphasizing **genetic influence in adulthood**.
293 +
294 +2. **Subgroup Trends:**
295 + - Studies from **Scotland, Netherlands, and the US** show **consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age**.
296 + - Findings hold across **varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds**.
297 +
298 +3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
299 + - Longitudinal adoption studies show **declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ** as children age.
300 + - Cross-sectional twin data confirm **higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood**.
285 285  {{/expandable}}
286 286  
287 -{{expandable summary="📝 Critique"}}
288 -- Largest expert survey on intelligence
289 -- **Western-only sample**, possible **self-selection bias**
303 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
304 +1. **Strengths of the Study:**
305 + - **Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades**.
306 + - **Clear, replicable trend** demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence.
307 +
308 +2. **Limitations of the Study:**
309 + - Findings apply primarily to **Western industrialized nations**, limiting generalizability.
310 + - **Lack of neurobiological mechanisms** explaining how genes express their influence over time.
311 +
312 +3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
313 + - Future research should investigate **gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging**.
314 + - Examine **heritability trends in non-Western populations** to determine cross-cultural consistency.
290 290  {{/expandable}}
291 291  
292 -{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance"}}
293 -- Shows **ideological divide** in science
294 -- Highlights **media vs expert disconnect**
317 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
318 +- Provides **strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence**.
319 +- Highlights the **diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development**.
320 +- Supports research on **cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan**.
295 295  {{/expandable}}
296 296  
297 -{{expandable summary="🔍 Explore More"}}
298 -- Global surveys on intelligence beliefs
299 -- Media analysis follow-up studies
323 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
324 +1. Investigate **neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development**.
325 +2. Examine **how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences**.
326 +3. Study **heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline**.
300 300  {{/expandable}}
301 301  
302 -{{expandable summary="📄 Download"}}
303 -[[Download Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]]
329 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
330 +[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]]
304 304  {{/expandable}}
305 305  {{/expandable}}
306 -{{/example}}
307 307  
308 308  
309 309  == See Also: ==