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{{example}} |
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-{{expandable summary="🧠 Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence"}} |
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-**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)* |
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-**Date:** *2019* |
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-**Authors:** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle* |
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-**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406) |
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-**Subject:** *Psychology, Intelligence Research* |
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+{{expandable summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}} |
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+**Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)* |
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+**Date of Publication:** *2013* |
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+**Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.* |
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+**Title:** *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"* |
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+**DOI:** [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54) |
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+**Subject Matter:** *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology* |
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{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}} |
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-- Survey of **102 intelligence experts** |
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-- **90% from Western countries**, **83% male** |
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-- **54% left-liberal**, **24% conservative** |
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-- **50/50 split** on genetic vs environmental causes of Black-White IQ gap |
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+1. **General Observations:** |
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+ - The study documents how the **heritability of IQ increases with age**, reaching an asymptote at **0.80 by adulthood**. |
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+ - Analysis is based on **longitudinal twin and adoption studies**. |
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+2. **Subgroup Analysis:** |
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+ - Shared environmental influence on IQ **declines with age**, reaching **0.10 in adulthood**. |
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+ - Monozygotic twins show **increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time**, while dizygotic twins become **less concordant**. |
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+3. **Other Significant Data Points:** |
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+ - Data from the **Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples** support findings. |
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+ - IQ stability over time is **influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors**. |
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{{/expandable}} |
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{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}} |
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-- Support for **g-factor theory** |
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-- Agreement on **heritability of intelligence** |
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-- Political lean: left = environmental, right = genetic causes |
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+1. **Primary Observations:** |
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+ - Intelligence heritability **strengthens throughout development**, contrary to early environmental models. |
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+ - Shared environmental effects **decrease by late adolescence**, emphasizing **genetic influence in adulthood**. |
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+2. **Subgroup Trends:** |
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+ - Studies from **Scotland, Netherlands, and the US** show **consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age**. |
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+ - Findings hold across **varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds**. |
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+3. **Specific Case Analysis:** |
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+ - Longitudinal adoption studies show **declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ** as children age. |
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+ - Cross-sectional twin data confirm **higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood**. |
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{{/expandable}} |
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-{{expandable summary="📝 Critique"}} |
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-- Largest expert survey on intelligence |
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-- **Western-only sample**, possible **self-selection bias** |
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+{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}} |
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+1. **Strengths of the Study:** |
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+ - **Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades**. |
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+ - **Clear, replicable trend** demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence. |
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+2. **Limitations of the Study:** |
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+ - Findings apply primarily to **Western industrialized nations**, limiting generalizability. |
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+ - **Lack of neurobiological mechanisms** explaining how genes express their influence over time. |
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+3. **Suggestions for Improvement:** |
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+ - Future research should investigate **gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging**. |
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+ - Examine **heritability trends in non-Western populations** to determine cross-cultural consistency. |
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{{/expandable}} |
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-{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance"}} |
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-- Shows **ideological divide** in science |
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-- Highlights **media vs expert disconnect** |
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+{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}} |
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+- Provides **strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence**. |
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+- Highlights the **diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development**. |
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+- Supports research on **cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan**. |
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{{/expandable}} |
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-{{expandable summary="🔍 Explore More"}} |
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-- Global surveys on intelligence beliefs |
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-- Media analysis follow-up studies |
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+{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}} |
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+1. Investigate **neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development**. |
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+2. Examine **how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences**. |
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+3. Study **heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline**. |
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{{/expandable}} |
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-{{expandable summary="📄 Download"}} |
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-[[Download Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]] |
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+{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}} |
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+[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]] |
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{{/expandable}} |
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{{/expandable}} |
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-{{/example}} |
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== See Also: == |