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267		-{{expandable summary="🧠 Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence"}}
268		-**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)*
269		-**Date:** *2019*
270		-**Authors:** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle*
271		-**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406)
272		-**Subject:** *Psychology, Intelligence Research*
	267	+{{expandable summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}}
	268	+**Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)*
	269	+**Date of Publication:** *2013*
	270	+**Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.*
	271	+**Title:** *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"*
	272	+**DOI:** [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54)
	273	+**Subject Matter:** *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology*
273	273
274	274	{{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}}
275		-- Survey of **102 intelligence experts**
276		-- **90% from Western countries**, **83% male**
277		-- **54% left-liberal**, **24% conservative**
278		-- **50/50 split** on genetic vs environmental causes of Black-White IQ gap
	276	+1. **General Observations:**
	277	+ - The study documents how the **heritability of IQ increases with age**, reaching an asymptote at **0.80 by adulthood**.
	278	+ - Analysis is based on **longitudinal twin and adoption studies**.
	279	+
	280	+2. **Subgroup Analysis:**
	281	+ - Shared environmental influence on IQ **declines with age**, reaching **0.10 in adulthood**.
	282	+ - Monozygotic twins show **increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time**, while dizygotic twins become **less concordant**.
	283	+
	284	+3. **Other Significant Data Points:**
	285	+ - Data from the **Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples** support findings.
	286	+ - IQ stability over time is **influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors**.
279	279	{{/expandable}}
280	280
281	281	{{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}}
282		-- Support for **g-factor theory**
283		-- Agreement on **heritability of intelligence**
284		-- Political lean: left = environmental, right = genetic causes
	290	+1. **Primary Observations:**
	291	+ - Intelligence heritability **strengthens throughout development**, contrary to early environmental models.
	292	+ - Shared environmental effects **decrease by late adolescence**, emphasizing **genetic influence in adulthood**.
	293	+
	294	+2. **Subgroup Trends:**
	295	+ - Studies from **Scotland, Netherlands, and the US** show **consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age**.
	296	+ - Findings hold across **varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds**.
	297	+
	298	+3. **Specific Case Analysis:**
	299	+ - Longitudinal adoption studies show **declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ** as children age.
	300	+ - Cross-sectional twin data confirm **higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood**.
285	285	{{/expandable}}
286	286
287		-{{expandable summary="📝 Critique"}}
288		-- Largest expert survey on intelligence
289		-- **Western-only sample**, possible **self-selection bias**
	303	+{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}}
	304	+1. **Strengths of the Study:**
	305	+ - **Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades**.
	306	+ - **Clear, replicable trend** demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence.
	307	+
	308	+2. **Limitations of the Study:**
	309	+ - Findings apply primarily to **Western industrialized nations**, limiting generalizability.
	310	+ - **Lack of neurobiological mechanisms** explaining how genes express their influence over time.
	311	+
	312	+3. **Suggestions for Improvement:**
	313	+ - Future research should investigate **gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging**.
	314	+ - Examine **heritability trends in non-Western populations** to determine cross-cultural consistency.
290	290	{{/expandable}}
291	291
292		-{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance"}}
293		-- Shows **ideological divide** in science
294		-- Highlights **media vs expert disconnect**
	317	+{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}}
	318	+- Provides **strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence**.
	319	+- Highlights the **diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development**.
	320	+- Supports research on **cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan**.
295	295	{{/expandable}}
296	296
297		-{{expandable summary="🔍 Explore More"}}
298		-- Global surveys on intelligence beliefs
299		-- Media analysis follow-up studies
	323	+{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}}
	324	+1. Investigate **neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development**.
	325	+2. Examine **how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences**.
	326	+3. Study **heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline**.
300	300	{{/expandable}}
301	301
302		-{{expandable summary="📄 Download"}}
303		-[[Download Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]]
	329	+{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}
	330	+[[Download Full Study>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]]
304	304	{{/expandable}}
305	305	{{/expandable}}
306		-{{/example}}
307	307
308	308
309	309	== See Also: ==