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... ... @@ -264,72 +264,46 @@ 264 264 {{example}} 265 265 266 266 267 -{{expandable summary="Study: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"}} 268 -**Source:** *Twin Research and Human Genetics (Cambridge University Press)* 269 -**Date of Publication:** *2013* 270 -**Author(s):** *Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.* 271 -**Title:** *"The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With Age"* 272 -**DOI:** [10.1017/thg.2013.54](https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.54) 273 -**Subject Matter:** *Intelligence, Heritability, Developmental Psychology* 267 +{{expandable summary="🧠 Study: Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence"}} 268 +**Source:** *Intelligence (Elsevier)* 269 +**Date:** *2019* 270 +**Authors:** *Heiner Rindermann, David Becker, Thomas R. Coyle* 271 +**DOI:** [10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.101406) 272 +**Subject:** *Psychology, Intelligence Research* 274 274 275 275 {{expandable summary="📊 Key Statistics"}} 276 -1. **General Observations:** 277 - - The study documents how the **heritability of IQ increases with age**, reaching an asymptote at **0.80 by adulthood**. 278 - - Analysis is based on **longitudinal twin and adoption studies**. 279 - 280 -2. **Subgroup Analysis:** 281 - - Shared environmental influence on IQ **declines with age**, reaching **0.10 in adulthood**. 282 - - Monozygotic twins show **increasing genetic similarity in IQ over time**, while dizygotic twins become **less concordant**. 283 - 284 -3. **Other Significant Data Points:** 285 - - Data from the **Louisville Longitudinal Twin Study and cross-national twin samples** support findings. 286 - - IQ stability over time is **influenced more by genetics than by shared environmental factors**. 275 +- Survey of **102 intelligence experts** 276 +- **90% from Western countries**, **83% male** 277 +- **54% left-liberal**, **24% conservative** 278 +- **50/50 split** on genetic vs environmental causes of Black-White IQ gap 287 287 {{/expandable}} 288 288 289 289 {{expandable summary="🔬 Findings"}} 290 -1. **Primary Observations:** 291 - - Intelligence heritability **strengthens throughout development**, contrary to early environmental models. 292 - - Shared environmental effects **decrease by late adolescence**, emphasizing **genetic influence in adulthood**. 293 - 294 -2. **Subgroup Trends:** 295 - - Studies from **Scotland, Netherlands, and the US** show **consistent patterns of increasing heritability with age**. 296 - - Findings hold across **varied socio-economic and educational backgrounds**. 297 - 298 -3. **Specific Case Analysis:** 299 - - Longitudinal adoption studies show **declining impact of adoptive parental influence on IQ** as children age. 300 - - Cross-sectional twin data confirm **higher IQ correlations for monozygotic twins in adulthood**. 282 +- Support for **g-factor theory** 283 +- Agreement on **heritability of intelligence** 284 +- Political lean: left = environmental, right = genetic causes 301 301 {{/expandable}} 302 302 303 -{{expandable summary="📝 Critique & Observations"}} 304 -1. **Strengths of the Study:** 305 - - **Robust dataset covering multiple twin and adoption studies over decades**. 306 - - **Clear, replicable trend** demonstrating the increasing role of genetics in intelligence. 307 - 308 -2. **Limitations of the Study:** 309 - - Findings apply primarily to **Western industrialized nations**, limiting generalizability. 310 - - **Lack of neurobiological mechanisms** explaining how genes express their influence over time. 311 - 312 -3. **Suggestions for Improvement:** 313 - - Future research should investigate **gene-environment interactions in cognitive aging**. 314 - - Examine **heritability trends in non-Western populations** to determine cross-cultural consistency. 287 +{{expandable summary="📝 Critique"}} 288 +- Largest expert survey on intelligence 289 +- **Western-only sample**, possible **self-selection bias** 315 315 {{/expandable}} 316 316 317 -{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance to Subproject"}} 318 -- Provides **strong evidence for the genetic basis of intelligence**. 319 -- Highlights the **diminishing role of shared environment in cognitive development**. 320 -- Supports research on **cognitive aging and heritability across the lifespan**. 292 +{{expandable summary="📌 Relevance"}} 293 +- Shows **ideological divide** in science 294 +- Highlights **media vs expert disconnect** 321 321 {{/expandable}} 322 322 323 -{{expandable summary="🔍 Suggestions for Further Exploration"}} 324 -1. Investigate **neurogenetic pathways underlying IQ development**. 325 -2. Examine **how education and socioeconomic factors interact with genetic IQ influences**. 326 -3. Study **heritability trends in aging populations and cognitive decline**. 297 +{{expandable summary="🔍 Explore More"}} 298 +- Global surveys on intelligence beliefs 299 +- Media analysis follow-up studies 327 327 {{/expandable}} 328 328 329 -{{expandable summary="📄 Download Full Study"}}330 -[[Download FullStudy>>attach:10.1017_thg.2013.54.pdf]]302 +{{expandable summary="📄 Download"}} 303 +[[Download Study>>attach:10.1016_j.intell.2019.101406.pdf]] 331 331 {{/expandable}} 332 332 {{/expandable}} 306 +{{/example}} 333 333 334 334 335 335 == See Also: ==